ACE and AT1R gene polymorphisms and hypertension in Indian population

Abstract

The renin angiotensin system (RAS) controls intrarenal blood pressure and sodium balance, and is an important target for antihypertensive therapy. Several polymorphisms have been identified within genes encoding RAS that may contribute to the development of elevated blood pressure. The relevance of these polymorphisms in hypertension remains controversial. In this study we have examined 105 hypertensive subjects and 192 controls from the Indian population for I/D polymorphism of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) and A1166C polymorphism of angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR‐based restriction enzyme analysis method, respectively. There was no significant difference in the distribution of ACE (I/I, I/D, and D/D) and AT1R (A/A and A/C) genotypes between controls and hypertensive subjects. D allele was significantly associated with an early onset of hypertension and although nonsignificant, the frequency was high in subjects with family history of cardiovascular disorders. C1166 allele of AT1R did not correlate with the age of onset of hypertension and the frequency was low in subjects with family history. Thus no association was found between ACE and AT1R genotypes and hypertension. However the D allele can be used as a predictor of risk of hypertension in the Indian population. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 14:230–237, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Candidate Gene Polymorphisms of Renin Angiotensin System and Essential Hypertension in a South Indian Tamilian Population

“…Later, similar results were reported (Dzida et al 2001). However, our results are in agreement with the other studies reported in Indians (Ashavaid et al 2000), and Chinese population (Liu et al 2002) that did not show significant association between A1166C polymorphism and hypertension. Hypertension is a polygenic disease and its genetic susceptibility is influenced by multiple gene polymorphisms.…”

“…Interestingly, I/D heterozygous genotype was found to be significantly associated with hypertension in men, but not in women. Previous studies on ACE ID gene polymorphism in the Indian population showed a significant association with DD genotype and diastolic blood pressure in men (Bhavani et al 2004), whereas another study did not show such association with DD genotype in hypertensive men (Ashavaid et al 2000). In the present study, mean difference in blood pressure and resting heart rate could not be evaluated among the different genotype groups since many of our hypertensive subjects were on antihypertensive medication.…”

Candidate Gene Polymorphisms of Renin Angiotensin System and Essential Hypertension in a South Indian Tamilian Population

“…Later, similar results were reported (Dzida et al 2001). However, our results are in agreement with the other studies reported in Indians (Ashavaid et al 2000), and Chinese population (Liu et al 2002) that did not show significant association between A1166C polymorphism and hypertension. Hypertension is a polygenic disease and its genetic susceptibility is influenced by multiple gene polymorphisms.…”

“…Interestingly, I/D heterozygous genotype was found to be significantly associated with hypertension in men, but not in women. Previous studies on ACE ID gene polymorphism in the Indian population showed a significant association with DD genotype and diastolic blood pressure in men (Bhavani et al 2004), whereas another study did not show such association with DD genotype in hypertensive men (Ashavaid et al 2000). In the present study, mean difference in blood pressure and resting heart rate could not be evaluated among the different genotype groups since many of our hypertensive subjects were on antihypertensive medication.…”

Influence of the Angiotensin II Type I Receptor Gene 1166A > C Polymorphism on BP and Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Among Malays

“…The present study showed a lack of association of the 1166C allele with BP in hypertensive and normotensive populations. A similar lack of association with hypertension was reported previously among Japanese (Kato et al 2000; Kikuya et al 2003; Ono et al 2003), Chinese (Thomas et al 2000; Xiang et al 1998), Indians (Ashavaid et al 2000), Caucasians (Schmidt et al 1997), Australians (Liyou et al 1999) and Spanish subjects (Giner et al 2001). However, opposite results were reported by (Bonnardeaux et al .…”

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism in myocardial infarction patients

“…We have observed that the AT 1 receptor CC genotype frequency was not significantly associated with MI patients in this South Indian population. Similar results on hypertension in an Indian population 33 and in a South African Indian population 6 have been observed. Studies on the AT 1 receptor gene A/C polymorphism are however very limited in India.…”

Candidate Gene Polymorphisms of Renin Angiotensin System and Essential Hypertension in a South Indian Tamilian Population

“…Later, similar results were reported (Dzida et al 2001). However, our results are in agreement with the other studies reported in Indians (Ashavaid et al 2000), and Chinese population (Liu et al 2002) that did not show significant association between A1166C polymorphism and hypertension. Hypertension is a polygenic disease and its genetic susceptibility is influenced by multiple gene polymorphisms.…”

“…Interestingly, I/D heterozygous genotype was found to be significantly associated with hypertension in men, but not in women. Previous studies on ACE ID gene polymorphism in the Indian population showed a significant association with DD genotype and diastolic blood pressure in men (Bhavani et al 2004), whereas another study did not show such association with DD genotype in hypertensive men (Ashavaid et al 2000). In the present study, mean difference in blood pressure and resting heart rate could not be evaluated among the different genotype groups since many of our hypertensive subjects were on antihypertensive medication.…”

Influence of the Angiotensin II Type I Receptor Gene 1166A > C Polymorphism on BP and Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Among Malays

“…The present study showed a lack of association of the 1166C allele with BP in hypertensive and normotensive populations. A similar lack of association with hypertension was reported previously among Japanese (Kato et al 2000; Kikuya et al 2003; Ono et al 2003), Chinese (Thomas et al 2000; Xiang et al 1998), Indians (Ashavaid et al 2000), Caucasians (Schmidt et al 1997), Australians (Liyou et al 1999) and Spanish subjects (Giner et al 2001). However, opposite results were reported by (Bonnardeaux et al .…”

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism in myocardial infarction patients

“…We have observed that the AT 1 receptor CC genotype frequency was not significantly associated with MI patients in this South Indian population. Similar results on hypertension in an Indian population 33 and in a South African Indian population 6 have been observed. Studies on the AT 1 receptor gene A/C polymorphism are however very limited in India.…”

Candidate Gene Polymorphisms of Renin Angiotensin System and Essential Hypertension in a South Indian Tamilian Population

“…Later, similar results were reported (Dzida et al 2001). However, our results are in agreement with the other studies reported in Indians (Ashavaid et al 2000), and Chinese population (Liu et al 2002) that did not show significant association between A1166C polymorphism and hypertension. Hypertension is a polygenic disease and its genetic susceptibility is influenced by multiple gene polymorphisms.…”

“…Interestingly, I/D heterozygous genotype was found to be significantly associated with hypertension in men, but not in women. Previous studies on ACE ID gene polymorphism in the Indian population showed a significant association with DD genotype and diastolic blood pressure in men (Bhavani et al 2004), whereas another study did not show such association with DD genotype in hypertensive men (Ashavaid et al 2000). In the present study, mean difference in blood pressure and resting heart rate could not be evaluated among the different genotype groups since many of our hypertensive subjects were on antihypertensive medication.…”

Influence of the Angiotensin II Type I Receptor Gene 1166A > C Polymorphism on BP and Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Among Malays

“…The present study showed a lack of association of the 1166C allele with BP in hypertensive and normotensive populations. A similar lack of association with hypertension was reported previously among Japanese (Kato et al 2000; Kikuya et al 2003; Ono et al 2003), Chinese (Thomas et al 2000; Xiang et al 1998), Indians (Ashavaid et al 2000), Caucasians (Schmidt et al 1997), Australians (Liyou et al 1999) and Spanish subjects (Giner et al 2001). However, opposite results were reported by (Bonnardeaux et al .…”

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism in myocardial infarction patients

“…We have observed that the AT 1 receptor CC genotype frequency was not significantly associated with MI patients in this South Indian population. Similar results on hypertension in an Indian population 33 and in a South African Indian population 6 have been observed. Studies on the AT 1 receptor gene A/C polymorphism are however very limited in India.…”