Accretion of Fat-Free Mass Rather Than Fat Mass in Infancy Is Positively Associated with Linear Growth in Childhood

Admassu, Bitiya; Ritz, Christian; Wells, Jck; Girma, Tsinuel; Andersen, Gregers; Belachew, Tefera; Owino,; Michaelsen, Kim F.; Abera, Mubarek; Wibaek, Rasmus; Friis, Henrik; Kæstel, Pernille

doi:10.1093/jn/nxy003

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This study therefore breaks new ground in explaining the possible mechanism by which early life weight gain relates to childhood fatness. In our previous analyses, postnatal FM accretion had a positive association with linear growth from 1 to 5 years 41 . However, studies conducted in middle 57 - and high 58 - income countries have found that infancy and childhood FM is associated with markers of cardio-metabolic status in children and adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…This supports the hypothesis of “fetal programming” of later health, which may reflect the tracking of fetal FFM into the childhood period. In the same cohort, we have previously shown that FFM at birth was a positive predictor of height 46 and cognitive development at 2 years 47 and linear growth from 1 to 5 years of age 41 . Collectively, these results indicate that higher prenatal growth, if mainly driven by lean mass, benefits health and development during childhood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…This finding indicates tracking of prenatal FM to the childhood period. In the same cohort, we have previously shown that FM at birth positively predicted higher social and emotional problems at 5 years of age 51 , and that it did not correlate with height 46 or child development 47 at 2 years, or with linear growth from 1 to 5 years 41 . Together, these findings indicate that storing fat in prenatal life to protect against post-natal malnutrition comes at a cost to growth and cognitive development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Height-for-age z -score (HAZ) were calculated based on the WHO child growth standard 39 and categorized as stunted (HAZ < −2) or not stunted (HAZ ≥ −2). A detailed description of the cohort establishment, measurements, and categorizations of variables has previously been described 29 , 40 , 41 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accretion rates were expressed as SD scores. The construction of standardized accretion rates has been described in detail elsewhere 41 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body composition during early infancy and its relation with body composition at 4 years of age in Jimma, an Ethiopian prospective cohort study

et al. 2018

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Background/ObjectivesLow and high birth weight and rapid weight gain during infancy are associated with childhood obesity. Associations of birth and infancy body composition (BC) growth with childhood BC remain unknown in low-income countries. We aimed to investigate the associations of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) at birth and its accretion during early infancy with FM and FFM at the age of 4 years.MethodsIn the infant Anthropometry and Body Composition (iABC) cohort, BC was assessed at six consecutive time points from birth to 6 months and at 4 years of age by air displacement plethysmography. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine the association between FM and FFM at birth and their accretion rates during infancy and FM index (FMI) and FFM index (FFMI) at 4 years in 314 children.ResultsOne kilogram higher FFM at birth was associated with a 1.07 kg/m2 higher FFMI (95% CI 0.60, 1.55) at 4 years while a one SD increment in FFM accretion rate from 0 to 6 months was associated with a 0.24 kg/m2 increment in FFMI (95% CI 0.11, 0.36) and with a 0.20 kg/m2 higher FMI at 4 years (β = 0.20; 95% CI 0.04, 0.37). FFM at birth did not predict FMI at 4 years. FM at birth was associated with 1.17 kg/m2 higher FMI at 4 years (95% CI 0.13, 2.22) whereas FM accretion from 0 to 4 months was associated with an increase in FMI of 0.30 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.12, 0.47). FM at birth did not predict FFMI at 4 years, and neither did FM accretion from 0 to 4 months.ConclusionsA higher FFM in early infancy predicted higher FFMI at 4 years while a higher FM accretion during early infancy predicted higher FMI at 4 years. Follow-up studies are merited to explore associations of childhood BC with cardio-metabolic risk later in life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accretion rates were expressed as SD scores. The construction of standardized accretion rates has been described in detail elsewhere 41 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body composition during early infancy and its relation with body composition at 4 years of age in Jimma, an Ethiopian prospective cohort study

et al. 2018

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Seasonal changes in body composition in children from Maya agriculturalists in central Yucatán, Mexico

Gurri,

Ruiz‐García,

Vallejo‐Nieto

et al. 2024

American J Hum Biol

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IntroductionDevelopment policies have aimed to substitute subsistence agriculture for cash crops or other cash generating activities to encourage local farmers to depend on store‐bought groceries available year‐round instead of seasonal subsistence crops. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that increased dependence on store bought foods has decreased seasonal changes in nutritional status and fat mass in Maya Children from Yucatan, Mexico.MethodsWeight for age (W/A), body mass index (BMI), and tricipital Skinfold z scores in children under the age of 10 years from 14 Maya rural towns with different degrees of development were compared longitudinally between scarcity and abundance seasons using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Height for age (H/A) z scores were also estimated.ResultsOrigin of food consumed corresponded to the town's degree of development. Nutritional status (W/Az) and adiposity, BMI, and tricipital z scores were significantly lower during the scarcity season in every community. W/Az, tricipital skinfold z, and H/Az scores were significantly higher in developed than in traditional towns, yet in both types of town W/Az and H/Az scores were below the WHO standard mean. Tricipital skinfold z score was only below the WHO standard amongst traditional towns during the scarcity season.ConclusionsIncreased dependence on store foods failed to eliminate significant losses in body fat during the scarcity season. This failure may be affecting linear growth and promoting a thrifty phenotype that is seen in short and stocky individuals with a tendency to accumulate fat during abundance seasons.

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Infant Growth and Long-term Cardiometabolic Health: a Review of Recent Findings

Woo

2019

Curr Nutr Rep

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Purpose of Review Infant weight gain is recognized to increase obesity risk across the lifespan. This review evaluates recent evidence relating growth in infancy to childhood, adolescent and adult body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Recent Findings Greater weight or BMI gains in infancy increase both fat mass and fat-free mass in later life, but may preferentially contribute to central adiposity. Impacts of infant growth on cardiometabolic health are mixed, and most findings are attenuated after adjusting for current body size. Summary Infant weight gain, length gain, and BMI changes are important in establishing risk for cardiometabolic health across the lifespan. Infant growth effects on cardiometabolic health may be indirect, acting through changes in obesity risk or body composition.

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Accretion of Fat-Free Mass Rather Than Fat Mass in Infancy Is Positively Associated with Linear Growth in Childhood

Abstract: Background:We have previously shown that fat-free mass (FFM) at birth is associated with height at 2 y of age in

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Body composition during early infancy and its relation with body composition at 4 years of age in Jimma, an Ethiopian prospective cohort study

Body composition during early infancy and its relation with body composition at 4 years of age in Jimma, an Ethiopian prospective cohort study

Seasonal changes in body composition in children from Maya agriculturalists in central Yucatán, Mexico

Infant Growth and Long-term Cardiometabolic Health: a Review of Recent Findings

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