Accessory proteins of SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses

Liu, Ding Xiang; Fung, To Sing; Chong, Kelvin Kian Long; Shukla, Aditi; Hilgenfeld, Rolf

doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.06.013

Cited by 389 publications

(422 citation statements)

References 154 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

401

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A) . The 3′‐proximal third encodes the structural and accessory proteins . These two polyproteins are processed into 15 or 16 mature Nsps to form the replication/transcription complex.…”

Section: Proteases Of Positive‐sense Single‐stranded Rna ((+)Ssrna) Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA‐virus proteases counteracting host innate immunity

Lei

Hilgenfeld

2017

FEBS Letters

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Virus invasion triggers host immune responses, in particular, innate immune responses. Pathogen‐associated molecular patterns of viruses (such as dsRNA, ssRNA, or viral proteins) released during virus replication are detected by the corresponding pattern‐recognition receptors of the host, and innate immune responses are induced. Through production of type‐I and type‐III interferons as well as various other cytokines, the host innate immune system forms the frontline to protect host cells and inhibit virus infection. Not surprisingly, viruses have evolved diverse strategies to counter this antiviral system. In this review, we discuss the multiple strategies used by proteases of positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA viruses of the families Picornaviridae, Coronaviridae, and Flaviviridae, when counteracting host innate immune responses.

show abstract

Section: Proteases Of Positive‐sense Single‐stranded Rna ((+)Ssrna) Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA‐virus proteases counteracting host innate immunity

Lei

Hilgenfeld

2017

FEBS Letters

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This multiprotein complex replicates the viral genome and produces an extensive set of 3 0 -coterminal subgenomic messenger RNAs (sg mRNAs), the latter representing a hallmark of corona-and other nidoviruses (Pasternak et al, 2006;Sawicki et al, 2007;Ziebuhr and Snijder, 2007). The sg mRNAs are used to express the genes located downstream of the replicase gene, involving the viral structural proteins (nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), spike (S), and envelope (E) protein) and several accessory proteins that, in many cases, have been implicated in functions that interfere with antiviral host responses (Liu et al, 2014;Masters and Perlman, 2013;Narayanan et al, 2008b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus cis-Acting RNA Elements

Madhugiri

Fricke

Marz

et al. 2016

Advances in Virus Research

101

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coronaviruses have exceptionally large RNA genomes of approximately 30 kilobases. Genome replication and transcription is mediated by a multisubunit protein complex comprised of more than a dozen virus-encoded proteins. The protein complex is thought to bind specific cis-acting RNA elements primarily located in the 5'- and 3'-terminal genome regions and upstream of the open reading frames located in the 3'-proximal one-third of the genome. Here, we review our current understanding of coronavirus cis-acting RNA elements, focusing on elements required for genome replication and packaging. Recent bioinformatic, biochemical, and genetic studies suggest a previously unknown level of conservation of cis-acting RNA structures among different coronavirus genera and, in some cases, even beyond genus boundaries. Also, there is increasing evidence to suggest that individual cis-acting elements may be part of higher-order RNA structures involving long-range and dynamic RNA-RNA interactions between RNA structural elements separated by thousands of nucleotides in the viral genome. We discuss the structural and functional features of these cis-acting RNA elements and their specific functions in coronavirus RNA synthesis.

show abstract

“…In coronaviruses, 2 -Omethylation of viral mRNA can disrupt recognition of the virus by MDA5. In addition, several proteins encoded by some coronaviruses are involved in counteracting IFN-I (Holmes and Darbyshire, 1978;Liu et al, 2014;Zust et al, 2011). Collectively, the response of the MDA5 promoter to virus inducers was consistent with endogenous MDA5.…”

Section: Ibdv Challenge Activates the Chmda5 Promoter Along With Uprementioning

confidence: 61%

Promoter structures and differential responses to viral and non-viral inducers of chicken melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5

Zhang

Zuo

et al. 2016

Molecular Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) is a member of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) family and plays a pivotal role in the anti-viral innate immune response. As RIG-I is absent in chickens, MDA5 is hypothesized to be important in detecting viral nucleic acids in the cytoplasm. However, the molecular mechanism of the regulation of chicken MDA5 (chMDA5) expression has yet to be fully elucidated. With this in mind, a ∼2.5kb chMDA5 gene promoter region was examined and PCR amplified to assess its role in immune response. A chMDA5 promoter reporter plasmid (piggybac-MDA5-DsRed) was constructed and transfected into DF-1 cells to establish a Piggybac-MDA5-DsRed cell line. The MDA5 promoter activity was extremely low under basal condition, but was dramatically increased when cells were stimulated with polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), interferon beta (IFN-β) or Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV). The DsRed mRNA level represented the promoter activity and was remarkably increased, which matched the expression of endogenous MDA5. However, Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) failed to increase the MDA5 promoter activity and the expression of endogenous MDA5. The results indicated that the promoter and the Piggybac-MDA5-DsRed cell line could be utilized to determine whether a ligand regulates MDA5 expression. For the first time, this study provides a tool for testing chMDA5 expression and regulation.

show abstract

Accessory proteins of SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses

Cited by 389 publications

References 154 publications

RNA‐virus proteases counteracting host innate immunity

RNA‐virus proteases counteracting host innate immunity

Coronavirus cis-Acting RNA Elements

Promoter structures and differential responses to viral and non-viral inducers of chicken melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About