Accessing low-energy magnetic microstates in symmetry-broken isolated square artificial spin ice vertices with magnetic field

Abstract

In artificial spin ice systems, an interplay of defects and dipolar interactions is expected to play important roles in stabilizing different collective magnetic states. In this work, we investigated the magnetization reversal of individual defective square artificial spin ice vertices where defects break four-fold rotational symmetry of the system. By varying the angle between the applied field and the geometrical axis of the vertices, we observe a change in energy landscape of the system resulting into the stabilization of collective low-energy magnetic states. We also observe that by changing the angle, it is possible to access different vertex configurations. Micromagnetic simulations are performed for varying angle as well as external field, the results of which are consistent with the experimental data.