Acceptance, refusal and hesitancy of Covid-19 vaccination in Mexico: Ensanut 2020 Covid-19

Carnalla, Martha; Basto-Abreu, Ana; Stern, Dalia; Bautista‐Arredondo, Sergio; Shamah‐Levy, Teresa; Alpuche-Aranda, Celia; Rivera‐Dommarco, Juan; Barrientos‐Gutiérrez, Tonatiuh

doi:10.21149/12696

Cited by 26 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A study in the United Kingdom about the COVID-19 vaccine found uptake was generally high and hesitancy concentrated on females and subgroups characterized by lower education and some ethnic minorities [ 9 ]; a relatively low proportion of older adults (4.1–14.3%) expressed it was unlikely they will receive the shot. In Mexico, even though older adults have a higher risk of COVID-19 mortality, a population study conducted between September and November 2020 found that older adults –especially female– had the lowest vaccine acceptance between age-groups (54.0%); acceptance increased with education and having formal employment, and Mexico City was the state with the highest percentage of vaccine acceptance (69.3%), still low in comparison with other countries [ 10 ].…”

Section: Survey and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to COVID-19 vaccination among older adults in Mexico City

Gaitán-Rossi

Mendez-Rosenzweig

García-Alberto

et al. 2022

Int J Equity Health

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Vaccines are effective to reduce COVID-19 related outcomes, but universal vaccination campaigns can reveal within-country access inequities. Mexico City has had high rates of COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality and a population survey warned that vaccine acceptance was lowest in older adults. Since February 2021, Mexico started a universal and free vaccination campaign prioritizing older adults. By April 17, every older adult in Mexico City had been eligible to receive the first dose. A week later, we conducted a telephone survey representative of older adults residing in Mexico City (n = 503). We asked if they received their first dose and, if they haven’t, we followed-up with an open question to register their reasons. In addition to sociodemographic characteristics and food insecurity, we also inquired about vaccine hesitancy, health concerns related to COVID-19, self-rated health, comorbidities, frailty, and depression. The objective of the study was to identify the main barriers to receive the first dose of the vaccine. We estimated descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. Results show that 7.6% of older adults in Mexico City did not receive their first dose. Barriers for not receiving it were vaccine hesitancy (60.4%), not having COVID-19 health concerns (46.4%), poor self-rated health (46.7%), a previous diagnosis of depression (35.7%), low socioeconomic status (65.4%), and household food insecurity (59.8%). Responses to the open question clustered in four themes: misinformation about the process (30%), distrust of the vaccine (24%), personal health problems (24%), and difficulties to get an appointment (22%). Logistic regression models adjusted for vaccine hesitancy and revealed two distinct reasons for not having their first dose: 1) vaccine hesitancy and misinformation on COVID-19, and 2) household food insecurity. Reaching these two groups requires active and differentiated public-health measures; the first with additional information from trusted sources, and the second by facilitating vaccination in neighborhoods with high levels of food insecurity and informal labor, where missing a day’s work is a strong disincentive. Vaccination campaigns need an equity lens to reach universal coverage; ensuring full access demands thorough and carefully tailored new interventions.

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Section: Survey and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to COVID-19 vaccination among older adults in Mexico City

Gaitán-Rossi

Mendez-Rosenzweig

García-Alberto

et al. 2022

Int J Equity Health

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“…Two nationally representative surveys on COVID-19 vaccination are available in Mexico. One, conducted from August to November 2020, identified 62.3% acceptance, 28.2% refusal, and 9.5% hesitancy ( 8 ). The second, conducted in November 2020, reported 82% acceptance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extension and Severity of Self-Reported Side Effects of Seven COVID-19 Vaccines in Mexican Population

Camacho-Moll

Salinas-Martı́nez

Cisneros

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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A few studies examined the comparative side effects of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccines. We compared the extension and severity of self-reported side effects of seven COVID-19 vaccines [BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences), Gam-COVID-Vac (Gamaleya's Sputnik V), Ad5-nCoV (CanSinoBIO), and Ad26.CoV2.S (Johnson & Johnson/Janssen)] in the Mexican population. We also evaluated the association of type of vaccine, sex, age, comorbidity, and history of allergies to the extent and severity of side effects. This was a cross-sectional study carried out online between August 12 and September 3, 2021 in Mexico. The first inclusion criterion was to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and the second, being at least 18 years old. The survey link was distributed via multiple social media platforms. We questioned about the type of vaccine and symptoms based on short-term side effects reported in the literature. Side effect extension was classified as local, systemic, or both. We asked about the need to take medicine, stop activities/miss work, or seek medical attention. Then, a severity index was constructed based on responses. Descriptive and stepwise multivariate logistic ordinal regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI for each outcome adjusted by potential confounders. The mean age was 38.9 ± 11.0 years (n = 4,024). Prevalence of at least one side effect varied between vaccines and by a number of doses. At dose 1, ChAdOx1 was the vaccine with the highest rate of at least one side effect (85%) followed by Gam-COVID-Vac (80%). Both were associated to greater extension (adjusted OR 2.53, 95% CI 2.16, 2.96 and adjusted OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.76, 3.29, respectively) and severity of side effects (adjusted OR 4.32, 95% CI 3.73, 5.00 and adjusted OR 3.00, 95% CI 2.28, 3.94, respectively). Young age (<50 years), female sex, comorbidity, and history of allergies were associated with greater extension and severity, independent of the type of vaccine and potential confounders. At dose 2, mRNA-1273 was the vaccine with the highest rate of side effects (88%) and the only vaccine associated to greater extension (adjusted OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.59, 5.21) and severity of symptoms (adjusted OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.82, 5.43). Continuous studies are necessary to acknowledge more post-vaccine symptoms in different populations.

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“…In January 2021, Argote-Tironi et al 30 conducted an online survey across six Latin American countries, including Mexico; only 62.5% of the participants strongly agree/agree with the statement, “If a vaccine were available to me now, I would get vaccinated” and this percentage is in accordance with a 62.3% of COVID-19 VA described in a nationally representative sample of the Mexican population. 31 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Mexican patients with rheumatic diseases: A cross-sectional and multicenter study

Guaracha-Basáñez

Álvarez-Hernández

Reyes-Cordero

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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COVID-19 vaccination is recommended in patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs) to prevent hospitalized COVID-19 and worse outcomes. However, patients’ willingness to receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and the associated factors vary across populations, vaccines, and time. The objective was to identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (VA) in Mexican outpatients with RDs. This multicenter study was performed between March 1 and September 30, 2021, and four national centers contributed with patients. Participants filled out a questionnaire, which included 32 items related to patients’ perception of the patient-doctor relationship, the COVID-19 vaccine component, the pandemic severity, the RD-related disability, comorbid conditions control, immunosuppressive treatment impact on the immune system, and moral/civil position of COVID-19 vaccine. Sociodemographic, disease-related, and treatment-related variables and previous influenza record vaccination were also obtained. Multiple logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with VA, which was defined based on a questionnaire validated in our population. There were 1439 patients whose data were analyzed, and the most frequent diagnoses were Rheumatoid Arthritis in 577 patients (40.1%) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in 427 (29.7%). Patients were primarily middle-aged women (1235 [85.8%]), with (mean±SD) 12.1 (±4.4) years of formal education. Years of education, corticosteroid use, patient perceptions about the vaccine and the pandemic severity, patient civil/moral position regarding COVID-19 vaccine, and previous influenza vaccination were associated with VA. In Mexican patients with RDs, COVID-19 VA is associated with individual social-demographic and disease-related factors, patient´s perceptions, and previous record vaccination. This information is crucial for tailoring effective vaccine messaging in Mexican patients with RDs.

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Acceptance, refusal and hesitancy of Covid-19 vaccination in Mexico: Ensanut 2020 Covid-19

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Barriers to COVID-19 vaccination among older adults in Mexico City

Barriers to COVID-19 vaccination among older adults in Mexico City

Extension and Severity of Self-Reported Side Effects of Seven COVID-19 Vaccines in Mexican Population

Factors associated to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Mexican patients with rheumatic diseases: A cross-sectional and multicenter study

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