Accelerated Dereplication of Natural Products, Supported by Reference Libraries

Fournier²,

et al. 2009

Mycol Progress

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During a foray to the mountain rainforests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a peculiar species of Xylariaceae was found, which could not be accommodated in any of the existing genera. It is recognised as representative of a new genus, named Ruwenzoria, owing to the presence of a new combination of teleomorphic and anamorphic characters that are regarded as significant for generic segregation within the Xylariaceae. Studies on its secondary metabolites in stromata and cultures by high performance liquid chromatography, coupled with diode array and mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD/MS), and on its phylogenetic affinities based on 5.8S/ITS rDNA sequence data, respectively, revealed a close relationship of the new taxon to the genera Daldinia and Entonaema, from which it differs by having neither a hollow, gelatinous nor a conspicuously zonate stromatal interior, and an anamorph featuring enteroblastic rather than holoblastic conidiogenesis. A specimen from the same geographic region, previously identified as Daldinia bakeri by R.W.G. Dennis was found to constitute a mixture of stromata of Ruwenzoria and an additional, undescribed Daldinia species. The latter fungus is not formally described due to the scantiness of the material, but its morphological characteristics are illustrated.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruwenzoria, a new genus of the Xylariaceae from Central Africa

Fournier²,

et al. 2009

Mycol Progress

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“…Moreover, cytochalasins appeared as closest matches by a search in a comprehensive HPLC library containing spectral data of various metabolites from fungi and other sources (cf. Bitzer et al 2007). The two cultures of E. pallidum studied agreed with one another with respect to the time course of secondary metabolite production as revealed by HPLC.…”

Section: Secondary Metabolism In Cultures Of Entonaema and Xylariamentioning

confidence: 93%

Recognition of hypoxyloid and xylarioid Entonaema species and allied Xylaria species from a comparison of holomorphic morphology, HPLC profiles, and ribosomal DNA sequences

Fournier²,

et al. 2008

Mycol Progress

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The genus Entonaema comprises Xylariaceae with hollow, gelatinous stromata that accumulate liquid. Some of its species, including the type species, appear related to Daldinia from a polyphasic approach, comprising morphological studies, comparisons of ribosomal DNA sequences, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiles with diode array and mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-MS). This methodology was used to study Entonaema pallidum. Its major stromatal constituent was identified as xylaral, a secondary metabolite known from Xylaria polymorpha. This compound was detected in several Xylaria spp., including the tropical X. telfairii and morphologically similar taxa, whose stromata may also become hollow and filled with liquid. Cultures of E. pallidum resembled those of Xylaria, substantially differing from other Entonaema spp., in their morphology, 5.8S/ITS nrDNA sequences, and HPLC profiles. The type specimen of E. mesentericum was located in the spirit collection of the herbarium B and found to agree morphologically with the nomenclatorily younger E. pallidum. Traces of xylaral were even detected by HPLC-DAD-MS in the spirit in which the fungus had been preserved. Entonaema pallidum is Mycol Progress (2008) 7:53-73

“…Their HPLC profiles and DNA sequence data served for comparison with the strains obtained in the present study. For a more detailed account of the procedure used for identification of known metabolites in crude extracts, assisted by a comprehensive HPLC-based spectral library, see Bitzer et al (2007). Stromatal HPLC profiles of several recently collected mature and immature specimens were compared with type and authentic specimens previously studied by Stadler et al (2004a) to evaluate possible deviations in secondary metabolite production at different stages of stromatal development and to find correlations between morphological and chemotaxonomic features.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic studies of Thamnomyces (Xylariaceae)

Fournier²,

et al. 2010

Mycoscience

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The tropical genus Thamnomyces is characterized by having wiry, black, brittle stromata and early deliquescent asci, lacking an amyloid apical apparatus. Thamnomyces is regarded as a member of the Xylariaceae because the morphology of its ascospores and the anamorphic structures are typical for this family. However, its relationship to other xylariaceous genera remained to be clarified. Cultures of three Thamnomyces species were obtained and studied for morphological characters, and their secondary metabolite profiles as inferred from high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric and diode array detection (HPLC-MS/DAD) were also compared. Cultures of Thamnomyces closely resembled those of the genera Daldinia and Phylacia and even produced several secondary metabolite families that are known to be chemotaxonomic markers for the aforementioned genera. These findings were corroborated by a comparison of their 5.8S/ITS nrDNA sequences. We conclude that Thamnomyces, Daldinia, and Phylacia are derived from the same evolutionary lineage, despite these genera differing drastically in their stromatal morphology and anatomy. Along with Entonaema and Rhopalostoma, these fungi comprise an evolutionarily derived lineage of the hypoxyloid Xylariaceae. A new species of Thamnomyces is erected, and preliminary descriptions of three further, potentially new taxa are also provided.