“…Water contamination by dyes from various industries, such as textiles, leather, and dyestuffs, has gotten more attention because the dyes in these industrial wastewaters are toxic, carcinogenic, and nonbiodegradable ( Yuanyuan Liu et al, 2015 ; Cho et al, 2015 ). As a result, a variety of technologies, including adsorption ( Hossain et al, 2021 ), photocatalytic degradation, chemical reduction or chemical oxidation, membrane filtration, flocculation, and electro-oxidation, have been used to remove these contaminants ( Panizza and Cerisola, 2009 ; Ali, 2012 ). Adsorption is one of the most effective methods to treat organic dyes, and it is widely used because of its relatively low cost and easy operation.…”