2019
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3860
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Abstract: The abscopal effect is mediated by a systemic anti-tumor immune response and reflects the regression of non-irradiated metastatic lesions at a distance from the primary site of irradiation. This review will focus on understanding the biological rationale behind the abscopal effect of radiotherapy (RT), which has a recently renewed interest as a result of the successes achieved with immunotherapy and RT in combination. Both RT and immunotherapy are standard components of modern treatment regimens. Combination o… Show more

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Cited by 58 publications
(69 citation statements)
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References 19 publications
(16 reference statements)
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“…Communication between irradiated and non-irradiated neighbouring cells (bystander effects) or out-of-field cells (abscopal effects) can cause cellular damage and underlies non-targeted effects of IR (NTE) [19]. Cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, 2, 6, 8, 10 and TGF-β, play a crucial role in cell-cell communication as they are normally secreted in the microenvironment.…”
Section: The Role Of Signalling Molecules and Radiation Responsementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Communication between irradiated and non-irradiated neighbouring cells (bystander effects) or out-of-field cells (abscopal effects) can cause cellular damage and underlies non-targeted effects of IR (NTE) [19]. Cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, 2, 6, 8, 10 and TGF-β, play a crucial role in cell-cell communication as they are normally secreted in the microenvironment.…”
Section: The Role Of Signalling Molecules and Radiation Responsementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Combination of both immunotherapy and radiotherapy may help in achieving the abscopal effect, which can result in an augmented response in the irradiated site as well as the metastatic regions away from the site of irradiation. [10] Further research is warranted in endometrial carcinoma to validate newer immunotherapy agents, to find new combination therapy of immunotherapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy for advanced endometrial cancer and to discover new biomarkers that could accurately predict the response to immunotherapy.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…AbEs explore regressions in tumors and lesions, including metastatic regions induced by radiation. It is also essential to enhance increased radiation dose, site timing, and irradiation, and fractionations with other systematic therapies resulting in reduced metastases and tumors [17]. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) hence guarantees accurate measurement, schedule, and checking of radiological images effectively [18].…”
Section: Abscopal Effects -Current and Future Practicesmentioning
confidence: 99%