Abnormality of water barrier function in psoriasis. Role of ceramide fractions

The role of lipids in psoriasis

“…They are arranged in the form of a compact spatial structure and together with corneocytes and protein envelopes create a brick-and-mortar-like pattern, thus providing a protective barrier [9,10]. Multiple studies investigating psoriasis have shown abnormalities in the stratum corneum structure itself, along with impairment in the function of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, resulting in changes in their composition, and increased epidermal exfoliation and TEWL [10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…Są ułożone w postaci przestrzennej, ścisłej struktury i wraz z korneocytami i kopertami białkowymi tworzą swoisty model "cegły i zaprawy", utrzymując w ten sposób barierę ochronną [9,10]. W wielu badaniach nad łuszczycą wykazano nieprawidłowości dotyczące struktury warstwy rogowej oraz upośle-dzonej funkcji enzymów biorących udział w metabolizmie lipidów, co skutkuje zaburzeniami w ich skła-dzie, nasila złuszczanie naskórka oraz TEWL [10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…potwierdzili in vivo i in vitro istotne zaburzenia molekularne i strukturalne w połączeniu skórno-naskórkowym w zmianach łuszczycowych, które mogą prowadzić do nieprawidłowej adhezji keratynocytów, ich migracji i prolife- cyte adhesion, their migration and proliferation, and impairing the function of the basement membrane [11]. Psoriasis-related abnormalities are also seen in the stratum corneum, including expansion of the intercellular space, reduced cell adhesion or weakening of intercellular bonds [12]. Khyshiktuyev et al noted increased levels of total lipids and individual lipid classes -phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol, both in the serum and stratum corneum, in patients with psoriasis.…”

The Effect of Gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon) Extract on the Stratum Corneum Hydration and Ceramides Content in Atopic Dermatitis Patients

“…Correspondingly, decreases in the level of ceramides have been associated with skin conditions involving dryness and barrier disruption, such as AD 5,6 , essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) 25,26 , xerosis 27 and psoriasis 15,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34] . Extremely high activities of ceramidase 7 and sphingomyelin deacylase 35 , which hydrolyze sphingomyelin into sphingophosphorylcholine and free fatty acid, have been demonstrated to be the metabolic features leading to low levels of ceramides in the SC in AD.…”

Influence of ceramide 2 on in vitro skin permeation and retention of 5-ALA and its ester derivatives, for Photodynamic Therapy

“…The human skin CERs are classified by Arabic numbers, changing from 1 to 9 according to their position on thin layer chromatography plate (Robson et al, 1994). On the other hand, the Roman numbers indicate the commercially available ceramide types, so that CER III corresponds to CER 2 while CER IV to CER 5 of the human skin (Motta et al, 1994).…”