Abnormal Rich Club Organization and Functional Brain Dynamics in Schizophrenia

Heuvel, Martijn P. van den; Sporns, Olaf; Collin, Guusje; Scheewe, Thomas W.; Mandl, René C.W.; Cahn, Wiepke; Goñi, Joaquín; Pol, Hilleke E. Hulshoff; Kahn, René S.

doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1328

Cited by 598 publications

(649 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…For subsequent analyses, the top 10 (15%) nodes in group-averaged node degree were considered to be part of the rich club (Collin, Kahn, de Reus, Cahn, & van den Heuvel, 2014;Van den Heuvel et al, 2013). On the basis of the definition of rich club nodes described above, network edges were divided into three classes: rich club connections (between rich club nodes), feeder connections (between rich club and non-rich club nodes) and local connections (between non-rich club nodes; De .…”

Section: Network Computation and Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rich Club Organization and Cognitive Performance in Healthy Older Participants

Baggio

Segura

Junqué

et al. 2015

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Abstract■ The human brain is a complex network that has been noted to contain a group of densely interconnected hub regions. With a putative "rich club" of hubs hypothesized to play a central role in global integrative brain functioning, we assessed whether hub and rich club organizations are associated with cognitive performance in healthy participants and whether the rich club might be differentially involved in cognitive functions with a heavier dependence on global integration. A group of 30 relatively older participants (range = 39-79 years of age) underwent extensive neuropsychological testing, combined with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to reconstruct individual structural brain networks. Rich club connectivity was found to be associated with general cognitive performance. More specifically, assessing the relationship between the rich club and performance in two specific cognitive domains, we found rich club connectivity to be differentially associated with attention/executive functions-known to rely on the integration of distributed brain areas-rather than with visuospatial/visuoperceptual functions, which have a more constrained neuroanatomical substrate. Our findings thus provide first empirical evidence of a relevant role played by the rich club in cognitive processes. ■

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Section: Network Computation and Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rich Club Organization and Cognitive Performance in Healthy Older Participants

Baggio

Segura

Junqué

et al. 2015

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…Three independent functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown that the functional brain networks of patients with schizophrenia are relatively shifted toward the random end of this small-world spectrum, i.e., they have lower clustering coefficient and greater efficiency than healthy brain networks (5,7,8). Previous studies have also reported schizophrenia-related disruptions in the normal community structure of fMRI networks, such as increased connectivity between modules (5), and abnormal rich clubs (14), in patients with schizophrenia. There is also some evidence that the physical (geometric) distance of edges tends to be relatively increased in structural and functional brain graphs of schizophrenia (6,15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Randomization and resilience of brain functional networks as systems-level endophenotypes of schizophrenia

Lo¹,

Huang³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

122

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Schizophrenia is increasingly conceived as a disorder of brain network organization or dysconnectivity syndrome. Functional MRI (fMRI) networks in schizophrenia have been characterized by abnormally random topology. We tested the hypothesis that network randomization is an endophenotype of schizophrenia and therefore evident also in nonpsychotic relatives of patients. Head movement-corrected, resting-state fMRI data were acquired from 25 patients with schizophrenia, 25 first-degree relatives of patients, and 29 healthy volunteers. Graphs were used to model functional connectivity as a set of edges between regional nodes. We estimated the topological efficiency, clustering, degree distribution, resilience, and connection distance (in millimeters) of each functional network. The schizophrenic group demonstrated significant randomization of global network metrics (reduced clustering, greater efficiency), a shift in the degree distribution to a more homogeneous form (fewer hubs), a shift in the distance distribution (proportionally more long-distance edges), and greater resilience to targeted attack on network hubs. The networks of the relatives also demonstrated abnormal randomization and resilience compared with healthy volunteers, but they were typically less topologically abnormal than the patients' networks and did not have abnormal connection distances. We conclude that schizophrenia is associated with replicable and convergent evidence for functional network randomization, and a similar topological profile was evident also in nonpsychotic relatives, suggesting that this is a systems-level endophenotype or marker of familial risk. We speculate that the greater resilience of brain networks may confer some fitness advantages on nonpsychotic relatives that could explain persistence of this endophenotype in the population.psychosis | dysconnectivity | graph theory | brain network | hubs S chizophrenia is increasingly conceived as a brain dysconnectivity syndrome or disorder of brain network organization (1-4). Various methods have been used to demonstrate abnormal structural or functional connectivity between brain regions in patients with schizophrenia. Specifically, several recent studies have used graph theory to measure the topological pattern of connections (or edges) between regional nodes in large-scale networks derived from neuroimaging data (5-12).The results to date of graph theoretical studies of schizophrenia are not entirely consistent, but there is some convergence around the concept of topological randomization (9, 13). For example, human brain networks (and many other complex, real-life networks) generally have a small-world topology that can be understood as intermediate between the regular, highly clustered organization of a lattice and the globally efficient organization of a random graph. Three independent functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown that the functional brain networks of patients with schizophrenia are relatively shifted toward the random end of this small-world spectrum, i.e., the...

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“…It has also been hypothesized that the precuneus is part of a few highly-connected regions playing a central role in the global topology of the brain network. Studies have shown that functions mediated by the precuneus are impaired in schizophrenia 39 . Scheef et al 14 (N = 11) reported increased rCBF in the precuneus of patients, which is in contrast with Pinkham et al 17 (N = 30).…”

Section: Divergent Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial spin labeling in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review

Guimarães¹,

Machado‐de‐Sousa²,

Crippa³

et al. 2016

Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Paulo)

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Background: Neuroimaging studies are an invaluable source of information about the physiopathology of schizophrenia. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a new magnetic resonance technique (MRI) that is able to effectively evaluate brain function without the use of radiation. Objective: To make a systematic review of studies using ASL to compare resting-state regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) patterns in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Methods: Original articles were searched for on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO electronic databases. The search terms used were 'arterial' , 'spin' , 'labeling' , and 'schizophrenia' . Only studies comparing resting-state rCBF were included, a qualitative synthesis was then performed. Results: Ten articles were included in the review among a total of 22. Decreased rCBF in schizophrenia patients was described in the anterior cingulate, cuneus, fusiform gyrus, frontal lobe, left middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, lingual gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, and parietal lobe. The putamen was the only region with increased rCBF in schizophrenia. Discussion: The evidence of the studies reviewed lends support to the concept of hipofrontality in schizophrenia. rCBF alterations were found in regions classically associated with schizophrenia. ASL seems to be valid, and reliable tool to assess schizophrenia.

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Abnormal Rich Club Organization and Functional Brain Dynamics in Schizophrenia

Cited by 598 publications

References 65 publications

Rich Club Organization and Cognitive Performance in Healthy Older Participants

Rich Club Organization and Cognitive Performance in Healthy Older Participants

Randomization and resilience of brain functional networks as systems-level endophenotypes of schizophrenia

Arterial spin labeling in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review

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