Abdominal Adipose Tissue Associates With Adiponectin and TNFα in Middle-Aged Healthy Men

Abstract

IntroductionAdipokines are highly active biopeptides involved in glucose metabolism, insulin regulation and the development and progression of obesity and its associated diseases. It includes, among others, adiponectin, visfatin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). The sources of adipokines and their associations with glucometabolic variables are not completely understood.AimIn this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate whether gene expression levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of selected adipokines and their corresponding circulating levels associate with the amount of AT in superficial (sSAT), deep (dSAT) and visceral AT (VAT), assessed by computed tomography (CT). Any association with glucometabolic variables were also explored.MethodsIn 103 healthy Caucasian men, aged 39.5 years, fasting venous blood and SAT samples from the gluteal region were collected. Ninety-four of the participants underwent CT assessment of the abdominal AT, which was divided into VAT, sSAT and dSAT. Circulating levels of adipokines were measured by ELISA and AT gene-expression by PCR. Insulin sensitivity was determined by glucose clamp, assessing glucose disposal rate (GDR).ResultsCirculating adiponectin and TNFα gene expression correlated inversely and positively to the amount of AT in all three compartments (r=-0.266 to -0.276, p<0.05 for all) and (r=0.323 - 0.368, p<0.05 for all), respectively, with strongest correlations to the amount in sSAT and dSAT. When dividing AT compartments into quartiles, a tendency was observed towards lower circulating adiponectin and higher TNFα gene expression levels, respectively, with increasing amount of sSAT and dSAT. Circulating adiponectin correlated inversely to insulin, C-peptide and waist circumference (r=-456 to -0.373, p<0.001) and positively to GDR (r=0.356, p<0.001). AT-expressed visfatin correlated inversely to insulin and C-peptide (r=-0.370 and r=-0.404, p<0.001).ConclusionIncreased amount of AT is associated with lower levels of adiponectin and increased levels of TNFα AT expression.

Selected routine laboratory tests in the clinical assessment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea

“…Patients with asthma and coexisting obesity are more likely to develop OSA in the future [45]. Moreover, according to some studies, the more severe the asthma, the greater the risk of OSA [46,47]; Auckley et al, however, presented the opposite point of view [48]. In spite of an enhanced level of basophils, Cummins et al did not confirm a dependence between asthma and severity of OSA, explaining that the increased level of this subgroup of leukocytes could be a potential effect of rhinitis or dyslipidaemia [49,50].…”

The Role of Organokines in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes and Their Functions as Molecular Transducers of Nutrition and Exercise

“…In ob/ob mice, deletion of TNFα or obesogenic diet leads to a reduction in insulin resistance and improvement in insulin signaling in the WAT and muscles [ 150 ]. Furthermore, this cytokine has been associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in visceral fat obesity [ 151 , 152 ]. Patients with diabetes often exhibit elevated levels of TNFα in their plasma and muscles [ 153 , 154 , 155 ].…”

Sirtuin1, not NAMPT, possesses anti-inflammatory effects in epicardial, pericardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue in patients with CHD

“…Extracellular NAMPT also is involved in NAD formation, and/or acts as a cytokine possessing both pro-and anti-inflammatory properties, possibly mainly the first, and with the ability to mediate Mɸ1 differentiation [ 21 , 22 ] Increased circulating NAMPT levels have been reported in subjects with metabolic dysfunction such as in diabetes type 2 with additionally advanced carotid atherosclerosis [ 23 ], and was also associated with atherogenic inflammatory markers and endothelial dysfunction [ 24 ]. In contrast, we could show that NAMPT expression in SAT, retrieved from the gluteal region, was inversely associated with the amount of abdominal SAT and with Insulin and C-peptide in healthy middle-aged men [ 25 ].…”