ABCD: A new classification for keratoconus

Belin, Michael W.; Kundu, Gairik; Shetty, Nitin; Gupta, Krati; Mullick, Ritika; Thakur, Prashansa

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_2078_20

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…There are grading systems for cornea with keratoconus that aim to classify the severity of the cornea, however each system has weaknesses. First, the Amsler-Krumeich classi cation, rst established in 1946, uses the metrics of corneal thickness, refraction, corneal translucency, and corneal power [24][25]. These metrics mainly focus on the ndings in the central cornea and anterior curvature of the eye.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Detection of Keratoconus using a Three-Dimensional Corneal Model Derived from Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

Tran

Mohammed

Tariq

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Purpose: To differentiate between keratoconus and healthy corneas via three-dimensional (3D) measurements of surface area and volume. Measurements are derived from anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images. Methods: Keratoconus patients were identified along with healthy controls patients between the ages of 20 and 79 years old. The selected patients underwent a nine-line raster scan AS-OCT. ImageJ was used to determine the central 6mm of each image and each corneal image was then divided into six 1mm segments. Free-D software was then used to render the nine different images into a 3D model to calculate corneal surface area and volume. Results: 33 eyes with keratoconus, along with 33 eyes healthy controls were enrolled. There were statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences between the healthy and keratoconus groups in the metric of anterior corneal surface area (13.927 vs 13.991 mm2, p = 0.046), posterior corneal surface area (14.045 vs 14.173 mm2, p < 0.001), and volume (8.430 vs 7.773 mm3, p < 0.001) within the central 6 mm. Conclusion: 3D corneal models derived from AS-OCT can be used to measure anterior corneal surface area, posterior corneal surface area, and corneal volume. All three parameters are statistically different between corneas with keratoconus and healthy corneas. Further study and application of these parameters may yield new methodologies for the detection of keratoconus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Detection of Keratoconus using a Three-Dimensional Corneal Model Derived from Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

Tran

Mohammed

Tariq

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Corneal scars, opacities, and haze in this tissue can lead to visual loss [ 6 ]. Keratoconus is a common ectatic corneal dystrophy characterized by thinning of corneal stroma and steepening of cornea leading to visual distortion and irregular astigmatism [ 7 , 8 ]. Corneal infections are caused by a variety of microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, protozoa, and viruses.…”

Section: Ocular Anatomy and Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Convergent Science and Technology toward Ocular Disease Treatment

et al. 2023

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Eyes are one of the main critical organs of the body that provide our brain with the most information about the surrounding environment. Disturbance in the activity of this informational organ, resulting from different ocular diseases, could affect the quality of life, so finding appropriate methods for treating ocular disease has attracted lots of attention. This is especially due to the ineffectiveness of the conventional therapeutic method to deliver drugs into the interior parts of the eye, and the also presence of barriers such as tear film, blood-ocular, and blood-retina barriers. Recently, some novel techniques, such as different types of contact lenses, micro and nanoneedles and in situ gels, have been introduced which can overcome the previously mentioned barriers. These novel techniques could enhance the bioavailability of therapeutic components inside the eyes, deliver them to the posterior side of the eyes, release them in a controlled manner, and reduce the side effects of previous methods (such as eye drops). Accordingly, this review paper aims to summarize some of the evidence on the effectiveness of these new techniques for treating ocular disease, their preclinical and clinical progression, current limitations, and future perspectives.

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“…Belin et al developed the ABCD classification system which can be used to assess both disease progression and staging. It is an anatomical-based classification assessing anterior (A) and posterior (Back) radii of curvature from a 3-mm optical zone at the thinnest point of the cornea, minimal corneal thickness (C), and best spectacle distance visual acuity (D) [21 ▪ ,22].…”

Section: Preoperative Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cataract surgery considerations in patients with prior history of keratoconus and ectasia

Moshirfar

Ziari

Ronquillo

2022

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

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Purpose of reviewPreoperative workup for cataract surgery in patients with keratoconus poses certain challenges, particularly in patients with moderate-to-severe disease. This review aims to outline the appropriate preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations and provides an algorithm to help guide the workup prior to surgery.Recent findingsA new system for keratoconus progression and staging has been proposed and additional studies comparing intraocular lens (IOL) formulas calculations and biometry devices have been conducted.SummaryPatients with severe keratoconus have unpredictable results and have an increased risk of a hyperopic refraction postoperatively. Although studies have compared IOL calculation formulas, there is no consensus on management. Clinical considerations and an approach to the workup are presented; however, additional studies are required to determine the most appropriate management of cataracts in severe keratoconus.

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ABCD: A new classification for keratoconus

Cited by 39 publications

References 14 publications

The Detection of Keratoconus using a Three-Dimensional Corneal Model Derived from Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

The Detection of Keratoconus using a Three-Dimensional Corneal Model Derived from Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

Application of Convergent Science and Technology toward Ocular Disease Treatment

Cataract surgery considerations in patients with prior history of keratoconus and ectasia

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