A223 the Gem Project: Associations of Dietary Patterns With Microbiome and Fecal Calprotectin in Healthy First-Degree Relatives of Crohn’s Disease Patients

Abstract

Background Crohn’s disease (CD) is thought to be due to an interaction between environmental factors and the gut microbiome that activates an immune response in genetically susceptible hosts. Epidemiologic studies suggest diet is an important variable in CD development; however, little is known about the mechanism by which diet contributes to pathogenesis. It has recently been shown that diet plays a substantial role in shaping microbiome composition (MC). We hypothesize that specific diet patterns are associated with differences in MC that may be related to CD risk. Aims To characterize associations between diet patterns with MC and fecal calprotectin (FC) in healthy first-degree relatives (FDR’s) of CD patients in the Genetic, Environmental, Microbial (GEM) Project. Methods A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess diet for North American FDR’s at recruitment. Each question was summarized as a score based on weekly consumption frequency. The Dirichlet method of unsupervised clustering was used to generate dominant diet clusters. Diet-microbiome associations were assessed using the two-part microbiome model. Stool microbiota at recruitment was characterized by 16s RNA sequencing of V4 region using MiSeq platform. Baseline FC was measured by BUHLMANN ELISA test. Results 2766 FDR’s had FFQ’s at recruitment; mean age 18.52 years, 53% female. The Dirichlet method identified 4 clusters, some of which resembled known diet patterns: Superbowl (mainly organ meats, non-red meat, beer, spirits), High Carbohydrate (HC), Mediterranean (MD) and Western (WD) diets. HC was associated with increased relative abundance of V. veillonella (P=2.68E-4). Both HC and MD were associated with decreased abundance of E. klebsiella (P=2.64E-5 and P=1.02E-5 respectively). WD was associated with decreased abundance of L. dorea (P=5.74E-5), a genus considered high risk for CD. A per question analysis demonstrated significant associations between several taxa and individual foods. Diet clusters were then correlated with FC, and a decrease in FC was observed with MD (estimate -16.96, P=0.012). There were no associations with FC in a per question analysis. Conclusions Dominant dietary patterns and certain individual foods are associated with specific gut MC. As well, MD is inversely associated with FC and therefore has potential use as an intervention for lowering inflammation. Understanding relationships between diet, MC and FC in individuals at high risk for CD would be beneficial in defining new dietary strategies in predictably modulating future risk of CD. Funding Agencies CCCHelmsley Charitable Trust

Dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis alters the proportion and composition of replicating gut bacteria

“…This is partly because it is challenging to identify and track individuals who will later develop IBD, despite new efforts in this direction. [19][20][21] We hypothesize that tracking gut bacterial replication dynamics during the development and recovery from colitis will better inform us about the bacteria most relevant to intestinal inflammation.…”