A worldwide systematic literature review for aflatoxin M1 in infant formula milk: Human health risk assessment by Monte Carlo simulation

Sharafi, Kiomars; Omer, Abdullah Khalid; Mansouri, Borhan; Soleimani, Hamed; Fattahi, Nazir; Sharafi, Houshmand; Kiani, Amir

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108681

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Exposure was calculated for 42 IPF (starter and follow-up types) and for infants (0–12 months) according to their gender, age and normal body weight as expressed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to highlight the differences in exposure [ 62 ]. The EDI of AFM1 (expressed as ng kg/b.w./day) was calculated based on the concentration of AFM1 detected and the intake rate of analyzed IPF, according to Equation (1): [ 63 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AFM1 Hazard Quotient (HQ), calculated as the ratio between average exposure and the toxicological threshold, was reported. A ratio of HQ > 1 implies a non-tolerable exposure level [ 64 ].To calculate AFM1 HQ the following equation reported by Sharafi et al was used as well [ 63 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the risk characterization originating from the oral exposure to aflatoxins was calculated using a qualitative margin of exposure (MOE) approach established by EFSA [ 64 ]. Thus, a third equation also reported by Sharafi et al was used to calculate the MOE [ 63 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Aflatoxin B1 Occurrence in Children under the Age of Five’s Food Products and Aflatoxin M1 Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization of Arab Infants through Consumption of Infant Powdered Formula: A Lebanese Experience

Daou

Hoteit

Bookari

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a salient metabolite that can be used to assess Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure in humans and animals. The carcinogenic potency of AFB1 and AFM1 was severely reported. The aims of this study were (1) to survey the contamination level of AFM1 in the most traded infant powdered formula brands (IPF) (n = 42) along with the AFB1 level in under 5’s children food brands (biscuits, cornflakes, and cereals) (n = 42) and (2) to assess the estimated daily intake (EDI), the hazard quotient (HQ) and the margin of exposure (MOE) of AFM1 among infants (0–12 months) in Lebanon. All of the samples were analyzed using ELISA technique. AFB1 was below detection limit in all of the children’s food brands samples. Out of 42 IPF samples 9.5% were AFM1-positive in the range of 29.54–140.16 ng/L and exceeded the maximum tolerable limit (MTL) set by the European commission (25 ng/kg). The overall average contamination level was 5.72 ± 0.014 ng/L. The EDI of AMF1 for male was in the range of 0.37–0.78 ng/kg/b.w./day and 0.40–0.87 ng/kg/b.w./day for females. Similarly, the HQ calculation resulted in an average of 3.05 for males and 3.28 for females. MOE calculations were far lower from 10,000 in both genders which indicates a high risk of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Despite that, AFM1′s EDI and HQ scored low among Lebanese infants but unambiguously the risk characterization still substantial. As infants consume more IPF relative to their body weight, the persistence of IPF with high AFM1 levels threatens their health. Thus, infant’s exposure risk to AFM1 in IPF should be a continuous focus of attention.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aflatoxin B1 Occurrence in Children under the Age of Five’s Food Products and Aflatoxin M1 Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization of Arab Infants through Consumption of Infant Powdered Formula: A Lebanese Experience

Daou

Hoteit

Bookari

et al. 2022

Toxins

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“…Aflatoxins are highly toxic and the most prevalent natural substances among mycotoxins; they are produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus . There are 20 types of aflatoxins identified to date, of which six (B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, and M2) are the most predominant contaminants in food and agriculture products [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aptamer against Aflatoxin B1 Obtained by SELEX and Applied in Detection

Yang

Tsai

2022

Biosensors

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Aflatoxins, especially aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), are the most prevalent mycotoxins in nature. They contaminate various crops and cause global food and feed safety concerns. Therefore, a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific AFB1 detection tool is urgently needed. Aptamers generated by SELEX technology can specifically bind the desired targets with high affinity. The broad range of targets expands the scope of applications for aptamers. We used an AFB1-immobilized magnetic nanoparticle for SELEX to select AFB1-specific aptamers. One aptamer, fl−2CS1, revealed a dissociation constant (Kd = 2.5 μM) with AFB1 determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. Furthermore, no interaction was shown with other toxins (AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, OTA, and FB1). According to structural prediction and analysis, we identified a short version of the AFB1-specific aptamer, fl−2CS1/core, with a minimum length of 39-mer used in the AFB1-aptasensor system by real-time qPCR. The aptasensor showed a broad range of detection from 50 ppt to 50 ppb with an accuracy of 90% in the spiked peanut extract samples. With the application of the AFB1-aptasensor we have constructed, a wide range detection tool with high accuracy might be developed as a point-of-care testing tool in agriculture.

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“…Many hazards may threaten human health these days. For instance, the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19, seriously influence people’s life [ 1 ]; The food contaminants such as aflatoxin are often found in cereals and has a high risk to cause cancer [ 2 , 3 ]; Some microbial such as Helicobacter pylori may be infected by sharing food and seriously damage people’s stomach [ 4 ]. These toxic, harmful, or over-expressed substances may threaten people’s health, but people cannot know their safety without detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising instrument-free detections of various analytes using smartphones with Spotxel® Reader

et al. 2022

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In consideration of the problems related to food safety, environmental pollution, and the spread of infected diseases nowadays, we urgently need testing methods that can be easily performed by common people. Smartphone-based detections are promising for general applications. However, some of these analytical strategies require a combination of accessories and instruments, such as portable electrochemical workstations, mini multi-mode microplate readers, and complex temperature control devices, etc., which are small but still expensive. Herein, we comprehensively introduce a free app (Spotxel ® Reader) that can provide accurate data analysis for microplate or parallel-format test sensors without an instrument. By simulating the optical signal of the test samples through a smartphone, the sensing results can be obtained for free. We discuss the detection strategies involved in the reported smartphone-based analyses using Spotxel ® Reader. Prospects for the development of this free app for future detection applications are presented. This review aims to popularize free analysis software, so that ordinary people may realize convenient tests. Graphical abstract

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A worldwide systematic literature review for aflatoxin M1 in infant formula milk: Human health risk assessment by Monte Carlo simulation

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

Aflatoxin B1 Occurrence in Children under the Age of Five’s Food Products and Aflatoxin M1 Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization of Arab Infants through Consumption of Infant Powdered Formula: A Lebanese Experience

Aflatoxin B1 Occurrence in Children under the Age of Five’s Food Products and Aflatoxin M1 Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization of Arab Infants through Consumption of Infant Powdered Formula: A Lebanese Experience

Aptamer against Aflatoxin B1 Obtained by SELEX and Applied in Detection

Promising instrument-free detections of various analytes using smartphones with Spotxel® Reader

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