DNA and RNA biomarkers
have not progressed beyond the automated
specialized clinic due to failure in the reproducibility necessary
to standardize robust and rapid nucleic acid detection at the point
of care, where health outcomes can be most improved by early-stage
diagnosis and precise monitoring of therapy and disease prognosis.
We demonstrate here a new analytical platform to meet this challenge
using functional 3D hydrogels engineered from peptide and oligonucleotide
building blocks to provide sequence-specific, PCR-free fluorescent
detection of unlabeled nucleic acid sequences. We discriminated at
picomolar detection limits (<7 pM) “perfect-match”
from mismatched sequences, down to a single nucleotide mutation, buried
within longer lengths of the target. Detailed characterization by
NMR, TEM, mass spectrometry, and rheology provided the structural
understanding to design these hybrid peptide–oligonucleotide
biomaterials with the desired sequence sensitivity and detection limit.
We discuss the generic design, which is based on a highly predictable
secondary structure of the oligonucleotide components, as a platform
to detect genetic abnormalities and to screen for pathogenic conditions
at the level of both DNA (e.g., SNPs) and RNA (messenger, micro, and
viral genomic RNA).