A versatile fast-development platform applied to closed-loop diaphragmatic pacing

Zbrzeski, Adeline; Siu, Ricardo; Bornat, Yannick; Hillen, Brian; Jung, Ranu; Renaud, Sylvie

doi:10.1109/ner.2015.7146742

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Our architecture demonstrated its accuracy in real-time, long-term [ 4 , 21 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 39 ] experiments. Furthermore, current FPGA use is below its maximum processing potential, as only a few electrodes and simple feedback rules have been exploited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Multimed setups have been installed in multiple sites and are being used by partner laboratories in collaborative projects, always aiming for closed-loop experiments (BRAINBOW (EU project 284772, ICT- FET FP7/2007–2013, FET Young Explorers) [ 33 ], CENAVEX (ANR grant 2013-NEUC-0001-01 and NIH grant 5 R01 NS086088-02) [ 34 , 35 , 40 ], ISLET CHIP (ANR grant 2013-PRTS-0017) [ 25 , 41 ], HYRENE (ANR grant 2010-BLANC-0316-01) [ 21 ]). New needs in terms of processing capabilities arise from existing collaborations and can also emerge from new collaborations, leading to regular updates of the digital library.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this experiment, no stimulation artifact was observed as no stimulation was actually performed on the culture. Closed-loop experiments using Multimed were recently performed in two research projects: the BRAINBOW project [ 33 ], exploring functional organization and the dynamics of damaged parts of the central nervous system, and the CENAVEX project [ 34 , 35 ], which implements a real-time control scheme for ventilation after spinal cord injury impairing respiratory functions.…”

Section: Existing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Multimed: An Integrated, Multi-Application Platform for the Real-Time Recording and Sub-Millisecond Processing of Biosignals

Pirog

Bornat

Perrier

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Enhanced understanding and control of electrophysiology mechanisms are increasingly being hailed as key knowledge in the fields of modern biology and medicine. As more and more excitable cell mechanics are being investigated and exploited, the need for flexible electrophysiology setups becomes apparent. With that aim, we designed Multimed, which is a versatile hardware platform for the real-time recording and processing of biosignals. Digital processing in Multimed is an arrangement of generic processing units from a custom library. These can freely be rearranged to match the needs of the application. Embedded onto a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), these modules utilize full-hardware signal processing to lower processing latency. It achieves constant latency, and sub-millisecond processing and decision-making on 64 channels. The FPGA core processing unit makes Multimed suitable as either a reconfigurable electrophysiology system or a prototyping platform for VLSI implantable medical devices. It is specifically designed for open- and closed-loop experiments and provides consistent feedback rules, well within biological microseconds timeframes. This paper presents the specifications and architecture of the Multimed system, then details the biosignal processing algorithms and their digital implementation. Finally, three applications utilizing Multimed in neuroscience and diabetes research are described. They demonstrate the system’s configurability, its multi-channel, real-time processing, and its feedback control capabilities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Existing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multimed: An Integrated, Multi-Application Platform for the Real-Time Recording and Sub-Millisecond Processing of Biosignals

Pirog

Bornat

Perrier

et al. 2018

Sensors

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show abstract

“…Meanwhile, modern control theory achieves fast response and stability of complex systems with time-varying and multivariable [75][76][77][78]. e medical hardware platform based on single-chip technology can accurately process and recognize the biological signals of the human body in real time [79,80]. Zbrzeski developed a multifunctional hardware platform to realise the real-time collection, calculation, display, and storage of biological signals and then applied it to the animal model of DP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration Methods of Respiratory Function for Spinal Cord Injury

Ren

Shi

et al. 2020

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Respiratory dysfunction caused by high spinal cord injury is fatal damage. Three treatment methods commonly used in the clinic, diaphragm pacing, mechanical ventilation, and respiratory muscle training, were chosen to explain the respiratory function reconstruction of spinal cord injury. The characteristics, research status, advantages, and disadvantages of these three treatment methods are reviewed. Diaphragm pacing technology has attracted much attention due to its price-friendly, efficient, and closer to physiological respiration. Therefore, the emphasis is on describing the characteristics of the stimulation waveform of diaphragm pacing and the mathematical correspondence between stimulation parameters (pulse interval, inspiratory time, etc.) and tidal volume. Meanwhile, it also briefly introduces that for patients with SCI with poor diaphragm pacing, intercostal muscle pacing can be used as the second option to restore respiratory function. Also, the development of electronic technology has promoted the emergence of closed-loop diaphragm pacing technology. Finally, we propose that the method of respiratory function reconstruction after spinal cord injury should pay more attention to physiology and the safety of surgery.

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“…The bio-inspired SNN controller was described in Very High Speed Integrated Circuits Hardware Description Language (VHDL) to define how to use and connect the hardware components available on the FPGA. The SNN controller was implemented on a Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA (XC6SLX150: 4 Mbit full speed block RAM, 180 embedded multipliers, 92 k 6-input look-up tables and 184 kb distributed memory), hosted on a custom board, presented elsewhere (Zbrzeski et al, 2015 ). We used UART communication for storage and display of real-time variable data from the SNN.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Inspired Controller on an FPGA Applied to Closed-Loop Diaphragmatic Stimulation

et al. 2016

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Cervical spinal cord injury can disrupt connections between the brain respiratory network and the respiratory muscles which can lead to partial or complete loss of ventilatory control and require ventilatory assistance. Unlike current open-loop technology, a closed-loop diaphragmatic pacing system could overcome the drawbacks of manual titration as well as respond to changing ventilation requirements. We present an original bio-inspired assistive technology for real-time ventilation assistance, implemented in a digital configurable Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The bio-inspired controller, which is a spiking neural network (SNN) inspired by the medullary respiratory network, is as robust as a classic controller while having a flexible, low-power and low-cost hardware design. The system was simulated in MATLAB with FPGA-specific constraints and tested with a computational model of rat breathing; the model reproduced experimentally collected respiratory data in eupneic animals. The open-loop version of the bio-inspired controller was implemented on the FPGA. Electrical test bench characterizations confirmed the system functionality. Open and closed-loop paradigm simulations were simulated to test the FPGA system real-time behavior using the rat computational model. The closed-loop system monitors breathing and changes in respiratory demands to drive diaphragmatic stimulation. The simulated results inform future acute animal experiments and constitute the first step toward the development of a neuromorphic, adaptive, compact, low-power, implantable device. The bio-inspired hardware design optimizes the FPGA resource and time costs while harnessing the computational power of spike-based neuromorphic hardware. Its real-time feature makes it suitable for in vivo applications.

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A versatile fast-development platform applied to closed-loop diaphragmatic pacing

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Multimed: An Integrated, Multi-Application Platform for the Real-Time Recording and Sub-Millisecond Processing of Biosignals

Multimed: An Integrated, Multi-Application Platform for the Real-Time Recording and Sub-Millisecond Processing of Biosignals

Restoration Methods of Respiratory Function for Spinal Cord Injury

Bio-Inspired Controller on an FPGA Applied to Closed-Loop Diaphragmatic Stimulation

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