A two‐week daily diary study examining the association between daily self‐compassion and symptoms of bulimia nervosa

Katan, Aleece; Kelly, Allison C.

doi:10.1002/eat.23533

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…First, with its frequent assessments, the EMA methodology is well-suited to capture the within-person changes (Shiffman et al, 2008 ), which SC evidently displays. In this study, we found an intra-class correlation (ICC) of 0.64, which is similar to the ICCs reported by the small number of other studies assessing SC daily or several times daily (e.g., Breines et al, 2014 ; Katan & Kelly, 2021 ). This ICC indicates that a substantial amount of SC variance was attributable to within-person variance, suggesting that SC is, indeed, not only a stable personality trait but also a fluctuating state.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In addition, a few non-interventional ambulatory studies have conceptualized SC as a state varying across time using daily diary or ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods, finding important implications for well-being. For instance, daily diary studies found that, on days when individuals reported higher appearance-related or global SC than usual, they indicated healthier eating behaviors (e.g., Breines et al, 2014 ; Kelly & Stephen, 2016 ), a better body image (Kelly & Stephen, 2016 ), less perceived stress (Li et al, 2020 ), and, overall, a lower probability for clinical impairment due to pathological eating habits compared to other days (Katan & Kelly, 2021 ). To our knowledge, only two EMA studies in the field of SC exist so far assessed SC several times throughout the day, finding similar benefits of momentary SC.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Be Kind to Yourself: the Implications of Momentary Self-Compassion for Affective Dynamics and Well-Being in Daily Life

et al. 2023

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Objectives While self-compassion (SC) has mostly been understood as a stable trait-like property, growing evidence suggests that it may fluctuate over time within a given individual. However, little is known on how these fluctuations relate to affective well-being and affective dynamics, such as emotional inertia and stress reactivity in daily life. Methods A sample of 119 non-clinical individuals (mean age: 31.3 years, 53.8% female) completed a 7-day smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment study with six semi-random signals per day. With each signal, individuals reported their momentary positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), recent SC, and occurrence and perceived strain of daily hassles since the last signal. Results Whenever individuals reported higher recent SC than usual, they experienced higher momentary PA and lower momentary NA. Moreover, higher recent SC related to lower stress reactivity in terms of lower decrease of PA and lower increase of NA following the experience of daily hassles. No associations between SC and emotional inertia were found. When distinguishing between the positive components (SC-Pos) and negative components (SC-Neg) of SC, SC-Neg (compared to SC-Pos) was more strongly connected to NA, while SC-Pos and SC-Neg were similarly connected to PA. SC-Pos was associated with an attenuated NA stress reactivity, and SC-Neg with an increased NA stress reactivity. SC-Pos and SC-Neg did not significantly moderate PA stress reactivity nor emotional inertia. Conclusions Results show that the benefits of SC for well-being and stress reactivity may unfold whenever we treat ourselves with compassion, irrespective of how self-compassionate we are in general.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Be Kind to Yourself: the Implications of Momentary Self-Compassion for Affective Dynamics and Well-Being in Daily Life

et al. 2023

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“…Given self-compassion is a functional way of responding to life adversity and daily challenges, ESM offers unprecedented insight into the nature and function of self-compassion within the context of daily life. ESM has been applied to self-compassion in daily life in both clinical (Katan & Kelly, 2021) and community samples (Jazaieri et al, 2016;Thøgersen-Ntoumani et al, 2017). Katan and Kelly (2021) used a daily diary method to monitor self-compassion and eating pathology in women diagnosed with bulimia nervosa over two weeks.…”

Section: Experience Sampling Methods (Esm) In Self-compassion Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ESM has been applied to self-compassion in daily life in both clinical (Katan & Kelly, 2021) and community samples (Jazaieri et al, 2016;Thøgersen-Ntoumani et al, 2017). Katan and Kelly (2021) used a daily diary method to monitor self-compassion and eating pathology in women diagnosed with bulimia nervosa over two weeks. Between-persons analyses found higher daily self-compassion was associated with less dietary restraint and clinical impairment but was unrelated to binge eating and compensatory behaviours.…”

Section: Experience Sampling Methods (Esm) In Self-compassion Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Compassion Balance: Understanding the Interrelation of Self- and Other-Compassion for Optimal Well-being

Sahdra¹,

Ciarrochi²,

Ferrari³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Compassion towards oneself and others is generally regarded as conducive for well-being. We hypothesized that self-compassion may conflict with compassion for others, at least in some people, which might weaken the link between self/other-compassion and well-being for those individuals. In an experience sampling study with transdiagnostic patients (N=154), measurements were sampled six times daily for a total of 42 time points. Measures included self-compassion, other-compassion, life-satisfaction, current mood, and contextual variables. On average, and for most participants, self-compassion was positively associated with other-compassion, suggesting the two forms of compassion to be complementary. However, there was substantial heterogeneity in this effect. The degree of complementarity of self- and other-compassion moderated the link between self/other-compassion and the well-being variables of life-satisfaction and mood. Higher levels of self/other-compassion were associated with higher levels of the well-being outcomes, but only for those who generally experienced compassion towards self and others as complementary. For those who experienced the two forms of compassion in conflict, levels of self/other-compassion were largely unrelated to well-being outcomes. The results argue against a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach of promoting self/other-compassion in everyone and hint at the value of a personalized approach to compassion interventions. For the majority of people for whom self- and other-compassion are complementary, teaching them either self- or other-compassion is likely to benefit their well-being; but for a minority who experience the two as conflicting, it might be essential to explore this conflict first, before promoting self- or other-compassion.

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“…Research suggests that self-compassion levels vary between people, with certain individuals reporting higher trait levels than others [ 17 ], and also within a person, with a given individual responding to their distress more self-compassionately on some days compared to other days [ 18 , 19 ]. In individuals with eating disorders, both daily [ 20 , 21 ] and trait [ 22 , 23 ] self-compassion levels have been consistently linked to reduced eating pathology, and self-compassion interventions have been found to reduce eating disorder symptoms over time [ 23 – 25 ]. Research has yet to explore whether self-compassion might also promote mental health, and specifically adaptive coping, in this population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A daily diary study of self-compassion and adaptive coping behaviours in women with symptoms of bulimia nervosa

Katan

Kelly

2023

J Eat Disord

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Background Mental health is more than the absence of illness and includes the ability to cope adaptively with stress. To shed light on the factors that promote mental health in people with eating disorders, this daily diary study examined whether daily and trait levels of self-compassion predict adaptive coping behaviours in women with symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN). Methods Women (N = 124) who met the DSM-5 criteria for BN completed 2 weeks of nightly measures assessing their daily level of self-compassion and their daily adaptive coping behaviours, namely, their use of problem-solving strategies, seeking and receiving of instrumental social support, and seeking and receiving of emotional social support. Results Multilevel modelling revealed that on days when self-compassion levels were higher than their personal mean level or than the preceding day’s level, participants reported greater use of problem-solving strategies, greater seeking and receiving of instrumental social support, and greater receiving of emotional social support. Daily levels of self-compassion, but not increased self-compassion from the preceding day, were associated with emotional support sought. Further, higher trait self-compassion, as measured by participants’ mean level of self-compassion over the 2 weeks, was associated with increased seeking and receiving of instrumental and emotional social support but not with problem-solving strategies. All models controlled for participants’ daily and mean eating pathology over the 2 weeks, highlighting the unique contribution of self-compassion to adaptive coping behaviours. Conclusions Results suggest that self-compassion may help individuals with symptoms of BN cope with challenges in their daily life more adaptively, an integral component of positive mental health. The present study is among the first to suggest that the benefits of self-compassion for individuals with eating disorder symptoms may lie not only in facilitating reduced eating pathology, as evidenced by prior research, but also in promoting positive mental health. More broadly, findings underscore the potential value of interventions designed to build self-compassion in individuals with eating disorder symptoms.

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A two‐week daily diary study examining the association between daily self‐compassion and symptoms of bulimia nervosa

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Be Kind to Yourself: the Implications of Momentary Self-Compassion for Affective Dynamics and Well-Being in Daily Life

Be Kind to Yourself: the Implications of Momentary Self-Compassion for Affective Dynamics and Well-Being in Daily Life

The Compassion Balance: Understanding the Interrelation of Self- and Other-Compassion for Optimal Well-being

A daily diary study of self-compassion and adaptive coping behaviours in women with symptoms of bulimia nervosa

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