A twin study of DSM‐III‐R anxiety disorders

Skre, Ingunn; Onstad, Sidsel; Torgersen, Svenn; Lygren, S.; Kringlen, Einar

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03419.x

Cited by 193 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Family and twin studies have suggested etiological genetics in panic disorder, [10][11][12][13] and are commonly found with high frequency in mood disorder pedigrees. 14 In addition, high frequency of comorbidity between mood disorders and panic disorder is well recognized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms of the human homologue of the Drosophila white gene are associated with mood and panic disorders

et al. 1999

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The Drosophila white gene is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily and is involved in the cellular uptake of tryptophan. Its human homologue gene (hW) has been mapped to chromosome 21q22.3. Tryptophan is the precursor for the neurotransmitter serotonin, which has been implicated in the regulation of mood and anxiety. The locus 21q22.3 has also been reported to be associated with mood disorders. The 3Ј-untranslated region (3Ј-UTR) in the hW gene has been shown to contain a polymorphic poly(T) region. We have identified a new polymorphism G2457A in the 3Ј-UTR in the present study. We examined the relationship between these polymorphisms and mood and panic disorders, and a significant association between the poly(T) polymorphisms and mood disorders was detected (P = 0.039 (allele frequency)). Associations were found between the polymorphisms and mood (poly(T) polymorphism: P = 0.047 (allele frequency), G2457A: P = 0.040 (allele frequency), P = 0.044 (genotype frequency)) and panic disorders (G2457A: P = 0.026 (allele frequency), P = 0.011 (genotype frequency)) in males, but not in females. These findings suggest that the hW gene may be an important gene in the control of mood and anxiety as well as one of the genetic factors related to mood disorders and panic disorder in males. The statistical significance of the association remains relatively low and larger materials facilitating further dissection of the clinical phenotype will be needed to confirm and independently validate this finding and to evaluate its significance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms of the human homologue of the Drosophila white gene are associated with mood and panic disorders

et al. 1999

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“…A number of family studies (e.g., Fyer, Mannuzza, Chapman, Liebowitz, & Klein, 1993;Lieb et al, 2000), twin studies (Skre, Onstad, Torgersen, Lygren, & Kringlen, 1993), and high-risk studies (Mancini, van Ameringen, Szatmariu, Fugere, & Boyle, 1996) suggest that SAD is genetically transmitted, especially the generalized subtype of SAD (Mannuzza et al, 1995;Stein et al, 1998). For example, a direct-interview family study estimated the relative risks for generalized SAD to be 10-fold greater among first-degree relatives of probands with generalized SAD than among first-degree relatives of non-anxious controls (Stein et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory-processing sensitivity in social anxiety disorder: Relationship to harm avoidance and diagnostic subtypes

Hofmann

Bitran

2007

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

136

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Sensory-processing sensitivity is assumed to be a heritable vulnerability factor for shyness. The present study is the first to examine sensory-processing sensitivity among individuals with social anxiety disorder. The results showed that the construct is separate from social anxiety, but it is highly correlated with harm avoidance and agoraphobic avoidance. Individuals with a generalized subtype of social anxiety disorder reported higher levels of sensory-processing sensitivity than individuals with a non-generalized subtype. These preliminary findings suggest that sensory-processing sensitivity is uniquely associated with the generalized subtype of social anxiety disorder.Recommendations for future research are discussed.

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“…6 Family studies have consistently shown a higher prevalence ranging from between 7.7% to 20.5% in first-degree relatives of probands. 6 Twin studies have shown concordance rates of 25% for MZ twins and 10% for DZ twins, 7 suggesting a genetic component in the development of this disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a compound short tandem repeat stretch in the 5′-upstream region of the cholecystokinin gene, and its association with panic disorder but not with schizophrenia

et al. 2001

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The cholecystokinin gene (CCK) is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of both panic disorder 1-4 and schizophrenia. 5 In this study, we have extended the 5Ј-upstream sequence of the CCK gene, and identified a compound short tandem repeat (STR), located approximately −2.2 to −1.8 kb from the cap site. This STR was found to be polymorphic with ten different allele lengths. Case-control studies using 73 panic patients, 305 schizophrenics and 252 controls showed a significant allelic association with panic disorder (P = 0.025), but not with schizophrenia. Dividing the STR alleles into three classes according to length, Long (L), Medium (M) and Short (S), produced strong genotypic (MM) (nominal P = 0.0014) and allelic (M) (nominal P = 0.0079) associations with panic disorder. Screening the newly extended promoter region detected not only the previously identified −36CϾT and −188AϾG single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) but a new rare SNP, −345GϾC. Neither of the former two SNPs showed significant association with either panic disorder or schizophrenia. Haplotypic distributions of the STR and SNPs −188 and −36 were significantly different between panic samples and controls (P = 0.0003). These findings suggest that the novel STR or a nearby variant may confer susceptibility to the development of panic disorder. Molecular Psychiatry (2001) 6, 465-470. Panic disorder is a common and genetically complex mental illness, characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks. It exhibits a lifetime prevalence rate of between 1.2/100 to 2.4/100 in the general population. 6 Family studies have consistently shown a higher prevalence ranging from between 7.7% to 20.5% in first-degree relatives of probands. 6 Twin studies have shown concordance rates of 25% for MZ twins and 10% for DZ twins, 7 suggesting a genetic component in the development of this disease.The carboxy terminal tetrapeptide of CCK (CCK-4), expressed in the brain, is thought to act as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator. It provokes panic attacks in subjects with panic disorder and normal controls, 1,2 with panic disorder patients having a higher sensitivity to CCK-4 than controls. 3 The panicogenic effect of CCK-4 is inhibited by antagonists of the CCK B receptor 4 which constitutes a large proportion of the CCK receptors in the human brain. 8 These findings have intensified research into elucidating the role of CCK in panic disorder.CCK-like peptides, mainly the carboxy terminal octapeptide of CCK (CCK-8), co-localize with dopamine in mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons. 9 In humans, CCK-8 is reported to have an anti-psychotic effect, 5 inferring a possible role in the pathology of schizophrenia.Two groups simultaneously reported a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), −36CϾT in the 5Ј-upstream region of the CCK gene. 10,11 Wang et al 10 showed that the −36T allele was weakly associated with subjects manifesting panic attacks (P Ͻ 0.05) but not with panic disorder. In a case-control study of schizophrenia samples, Bowen et al 11 found no associati...

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A twin study of DSM‐III‐R anxiety disorders

Cited by 193 publications

References 17 publications

Polymorphisms of the human homologue of the Drosophila white gene are associated with mood and panic disorders

Polymorphisms of the human homologue of the Drosophila white gene are associated with mood and panic disorders

Sensory-processing sensitivity in social anxiety disorder: Relationship to harm avoidance and diagnostic subtypes

Identification of a compound short tandem repeat stretch in the 5′-upstream region of the cholecystokinin gene, and its association with panic disorder but not with schizophrenia

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