A trust based congestion aware hybrid Ant Colony Optimization algorithm for energy efficient routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (TC-ACO)

Abstract

-Congestion is a problem of paramount importance in resource constrained Wireless Sensor Networks, especially for large networks, where the traffic loads exceed the available capacity of the resources. Sensor nodes are prone to failure and the misbehavior of these faulty nodes creates further congestion. The resulting effect is a degradation in network performance, additional computation and increased energy consumption, which in turn decreases network lifetime. Hence, the data packet routing algorithm should consider congestion as one of the parameters, in addition to the role of the faulty nodes and not merely energy efficient protocols. Unfortunately most of the researchers have tried to make the routing schemes energy efficient without considering congestion factor and the effect of the faulty nodes. In this paper we have proposed a congestion aware, energy efficient, routing approach that utilizes Ant Colony Optimization algorithm, in which faulty nodes are isolated by means of the concept of trust. The merits of the proposed scheme are verified through simulations where they are compared with other protocols.

Trust Integrated Congestion Aware Energy Efficient Routing forWireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (TCEER)

“…The The comparison of the proposed TCEER protocol is made with the existing algorithms, namely T-LEACH [6], TRANS [9], TFCC [21] and TC-ACO [22] for different initial node energies on a 200 m * 200 m WSN field. The number of rounds versus percentage of dead nodes for the above mentioned protocols is given in Table 12 Next, we have studied the proposed TCEER scheme to find out the impact on Packet Reception Ratio (PRR) and Maximum Retransmission Attempts (MRA) [24], in comparison with the other existing protocols.…”

“…In case of successful packet delivery, PRR is equal to one. Table 13 represents the maximum and minimum numbers of packets delivered successfully to the BS for different values of MRA for T-LEACH [6], TRANS [9], TFCC [21], TC-ACO [22] and the proposed TCEER algorithms respectively. MIN and MAX refer to the maximum and minimum values of PRR obtained over 30 runs for transmitting 25 packets.…”

“…However, aggravation of network congestion by faulty behavior of the malicious nodes has not been discussed in these protocols by any means. The congestion and trust are both discussed in [19] - [22]. In FCC [19], Zarei et al have proposed a fuzzy logic based trust estimation scheme for congestion control in WSNs.…”

“…In addition, data packet routing in TFCC [21] uses Link State Routing Protocol which shows a major improvement in network throughput compared to FCCTF [20]. TC-ACO [22] is a trust based congestion aware routing protocol for WSNs, where Ant Colony Optimization is utilized for data packet routing. In the existing work, our goal is to represent a new trust integrated congestion aware energy efficient data routing scheme for WM-SNs which exhibits promising improvement in network performance compared to other similar data routing protocols.…”

Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Fuzzy Ant Colony Optimization

“…Also, a fuzzy inference system was used to determine the route quality which showed better performance compared with the equation of route quality. Chakraborty et al [23] presented a novel trust-based congestion aware routing algorithm for WSNs in which the optimum route for data packet transfer is dynamically selected by the TC-ACO algorithm, on the basis of the trust, congestion level, and internodal distance of the sensor nodes.…”