A tool for designing tree-like concentration gradient generators for lab-on-a-chip applications

Ebadi, Milad; Moshksayan, Khashayar; Kashaninejad, Navid; Saidi, Mohammad R.; Nguyen, Nam‐Trung

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2019.115339

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Thus, compared with active micromixers, passive micromixers are economical, convenient, and can easily be incorporated into LOC systems [10,[22][23][24]. Passive micromixers are also used as 'concentration gradient generators' for biological and pharmaceutical applications [25,26]. Recently, various passive mixers have been proposed to accomplish effective mixing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Passive Micromixers with a Comparative Analysis

2020

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A wide range of existing passive micromixers are reviewed, and quantitative analyses of ten typical passive micromixers were performed to compare their mixing indices, pressure drops, and mixing costs under the same axial length and flow conditions across a wide Reynolds number range of 0.01–120. The tested micromixers were selected from five types of micromixer designs. The analyses of flow and mixing were performed using continuity, Navier-Stokes and convection-diffusion equations. The results of the comparative analysis were presented for three different Reynolds number ranges: low-Re (Re ≤ 1), intermediate-Re (1 < Re ≤ 40), and high-Re (Re > 40) ranges, where the mixing mechanisms are different. The results show a two-dimensional micromixer of Tesla structure is recommended in the intermediate- and high-Re ranges, while two three-dimensional micromixers with two layers are recommended in the low-Re range due to their excellent mixing performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Passive Micromixers with a Comparative Analysis

2020

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“…Microfluidics is an emerging science and technology that can offer significant improvements over various fields, including surface science [15], nanotechnology for disease diagnosis [16], mixing [17] and separation [18,19], mechanobiology [20], cancer research [21,22], cell culture [23,24], single-cell analysis [25], drug delivery at cellular [26] and tissue levels [27], electrochemical biosensing [28], and POC sensing [29]. Furthermore, the emerging field of micro elastofluidics can provide microfluidic solutions for flexible, conformal system attached to the skin [26]. In the context of dermal ISF collection and sensing, microfluidics can be used in three different formats: (i) Passive microneedles (MNs) for merely collecting the dermal ISF painlessly; (ii) Active MNs integrated with sensor to both collect dermal ISF and actively sense the target analyte of interest in situ; (iii) More realistic in vitro model of the skin for ISF flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microneedle Arrays for Sampling and Sensing Dermal Interstitial Fluid

Kashaninejad¹,

Munaz²,

Moghadas³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) is a novel source of biomarkers that can be considered as an alternative to blood sampling for disease diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, in vivo extraction and analysis of ISF are challenging. On the other hand, microneedle (MN) technology can address most of the challenges associated with dermal ISF extraction and is well-suited for long-term, continuous ISF monitoring as well as in situ detection. In this review, we first briefly summarise the different dermal ISF collection methods and compare them with MN methods. Next, we elaborate on the design considerations and biocompatibility of MNs. Subsequently, the fabrication technologies of various MNs used for dermal ISF extraction, including solid MNs, hollow MNs, porous MNs and hydrogel MNs, are thoroughly explained. In addition, different sensing mechanisms of ISF detection will be discussed in detail. Subsequently, we identify the challenges and propose the possible solutions associated with ISF extraction. A detailed investigation is provided for the transport and sampling mechanism of ISF in vivo. Also, the current in vitro skin model integrated with the MN arrays will be discussed. Finally, future directions to develop a point-of-care (POC) device to sample ISF are proposed.

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“…Microfluidic concentration gradient generators are among the most efficient devices employed for precise generation of various concentration gradients. They have been widely studied in various fields in recent decades [28][29][30]. The concentration distribution profile within the channel is determined by the length of the channel, the splitting ratio of the fluids, and also the numbers of inlets and outlets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microfluidic Concentration Gradient Maker with Tunable Concentration Profiles by Changing Feed Flow Rate Ratios

Zhang

Meng

et al. 2020

Micromachines

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Microfluidic chips—in which chemical or biological fluid samples are mixed into linear or nonlinear concentration distribution profiles—have generated enormous enthusiasm of their ability to develop patterns for drug release and their potential toxicology applications. These microfluidic devices have untapped potential for varying concentration patterns by the use of one single device or by easy-to-operate procedures. To address this challenge, we developed a soft-lithography-fabricated microfluidic platform that enabled one single device to be used as a concentration maker, which could generate linear, bell-type, or even S-type concentration profiles by tuning the feed flow rate ratios of each independent inlet. Here, we present an FFRR (feed flow rate ratio) adjustment approach to generate tens of types of concentration gradient profiles with one single device. To demonstrate the advantages of this approach, we used a Christmas-tree-like microfluidic chip as the demo. Its performance was analyzed using numerical simulation models and experimental investigations, and it showed an excellent time response (~10 s). With on-demand flow rate ratios, the FFRR microfluidic device could be used for many lab-on-a-chip applications where flexible concentration profiles are required for analysis.

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A tool for designing tree-like concentration gradient generators for lab-on-a-chip applications

Cited by 24 publications

References 55 publications

A Review of Passive Micromixers with a Comparative Analysis

A Review of Passive Micromixers with a Comparative Analysis

Microneedle Arrays for Sampling and Sensing Dermal Interstitial Fluid

A Microfluidic Concentration Gradient Maker with Tunable Concentration Profiles by Changing Feed Flow Rate Ratios

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