A time-series analysis of the relationship between urban layout and automobile reliance: have cities shifted to integration of land use and transport?

Abstract

Changes in land-use patterns and personal lifestyles, as influenced by motorization, have caused serious problems: decreased usage of public transportation, the decline of city centers, and increased fuel consumption. In developed countries, low-density urban areas are expanding: urban sprawl is continuing because of further urbanization. Results of several studies show that, through better land use and transportation integration, the compact urban layout is effective for reducing gasoline consumption and achi…