A three-year posthospital follow-up of adolescent and adult schizophrenics.

Abstract

A follow-up of 81 well-educated, voluntary, intensively treated schizophrenic patients, divided into three groups according to age of first hospitalization, revealed that adolescents had the most unfavorable outcome, older adults the most favorable. Developmental, social, diagnostic, and psychometric predic tors of outcome are discussed, as well as theoretical and practical implications.

Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample.

“…This included 17 children without unaffected siblings, leaving 93 affected children and 138 siblings available for analysis. The mean (14-2 (SD 4-1) years) and median (15-0 years) ages for children with ulcerative colitis were comparable with those of the group of unaffected siblings (6 5); 15 …”

An activity-withdrawal distinction in schizophrenia: Behavioral, clinical, brain damage, and neurophysiological correlates.

“…Offord and Cross (1971) and Offord (1974) found that early onset (late teens to early twenties) and increased periods of institutionalization in adult schizophrenics are directly related to lower childhood IQ and scholastic failure relative to these patients' siblings and normal control subjects. This finding may be related to the observation that certain preschizophrenics have childhood symptomatology suggestive of possible minimal brain damage (Belmont et al, 1964;Pollack, Levenstein, & Klein, 1968). In any event, reasoning that intelligence may serve as a modifying trait in persons predisposed to schizophrenia, Offord and Cross (1971) and Jones (1973) suggest that in a family predisposed to schizophrenia, the child with the lowest IQ is the most vulnerable to early and more frequent breakdowns.…”

Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: a computed tomographic study

“…Lane & Albee (1966) found that the mean birthweight, recorded on birth certification, of 52 schizophrenic adults was significantly less than that of their 115 siblings. Pollack's group reported that nine schizophrenic patients whose mothers reported ' severe paranatal complications' were younger at first hospitalization and showed a poorer outcome than 43 patients without such backgrounds (Pollack & Greenberg, 1966;Pollack et al 1968). The same group found more OCs in a second series of 32 schizophrenic patients than in healthy siblings, although no significant difference in birthweight was seen (Woerner et al 1971(Woerner et al , 1973.…”