A three-dimensional biomechanical comparison between turning strategies during the stance phase of walking

Taylor, Matthew J.; Dabnichki, Peter; Strike, Siobhán

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2005.07.005

Cited by 163 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

152

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, anticipation in walking turns affects foot placement (Orendurff et al, 2006;Patla et al, 1999), and changes to ω 0 and θ i are initiated before the turning step in walking (Taylor et al, 2005). The finding that anticipatory compensations are used during both walking and running could therefore suggest that humans use some feed-forward strategies to execute anticipated maneuvers.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Compensations for increased rotational inertia during human cutting turns

Qiao

Brown

Jindrich

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Locomotion in a complex environment is often not steady state, but unsteady locomotion (stability and maneuverability) is not well understood. We investigated the strategies used by humans to perform sidestep cutting turns when running. Previous studies have argued that because humans have small yaw rotational moments of inertia relative to body mass, deceleratory forces in the initial velocity direction that occur during the turning step, or 'braking' forces, could function to prevent body over-rotation during turns. We tested this hypothesis by increasing body rotational inertia and testing whether braking forces during stance decreased. We recorded ground reaction force and body kinematics from seven participants performing 45 deg sidestep cutting turns and straight running at five levels of body rotational inertia, with increases up to fourfold. Contrary to our prediction, braking forces remained consistent at different rotational inertias, facilitated by anticipatory changes to body rotational speed. Increasing inertia revealed that the opposing effects of several turning parameters, including rotation due to symmetrical anterior-posterior forces, result in a system that can compensate for fourfold changes in rotational inertia with less than 50% changes to rotational velocity. These results suggest that in submaximal effort turning, legged systems may be robust to changes in morphological parameters, and that compensations can involve relatively minor adjustments between steps to change initial stance conditions.

show abstract

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Compensations for increased rotational inertia during human cutting turns

Qiao

Brown

Jindrich

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many have focused on joint motions [1][2][3][4], moments, and powers using two-and threedimensional inverse dynamics approaches [5][6]. Straightahead, steady-state walking across a range of speeds comprises the vast majority of nondisabled human gait studies, although work has expanded into turning [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], obstacle avoidance [15][16][17][18], walk-to-run transitions [19][20][21], and even backward walking [22][23]. Human gait has been quite well described and is reasonably well understood, but there has been very limited research into how humans link steps together for functional community mobility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How humans walk: Bout duration, steps per bout, and rest duration

Orendurff¹

2008

JRRD

261

222

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Much is known about human walking, but it is not known how walking is used during typical activities. Since improving walking ability is a key goal in many surgical, pharmacological, and physiotherapeutic interventions, understanding typical community mobility demands regarding the length of walking bouts, the number of sequential steps frequently performed, and the duration of common nonwalking (rest) behavior seems prudent. This study documents the gait of daily living in 10 nondisabled employed adults to define walking bout duration, sequential step counts, and length of rest periods over a 2-week period. Subjects wore a StepWatch™ Activity Monitor (OrthoCare Innovations; Mountlake Terrace, Washington) that counted steps in each 10-second time window. Custom code summed sequential steps, periods of walking behavior (bouts), and periods without steps (rest). Sixty percent of all walking bouts lasted just 30 seconds or less; a 2-minute walking bout was just 1 percent of total walking bouts. Forty percent of all walking bouts were less than 12 steps in a row, and 75 percent of all walking bouts were less than 40 steps in a row. Rest periods were predominantly very short, with half of all rests periods lasting 20 seconds or less. The community mobility demand for nondisabled employed adults appears to involve frequent short-duration walking behavior with low numbers of sequential steps strung together and many shortduration nonwalking (rest) behaviors.

show abstract

“…Thus far, two main strategies have been identified for the 180º turn during gait: turning in the direction contralateral to the support foot and turning in the direction ipsilateral to the support foot 36,39 . The strategy of turning in the direction ipsilateral to the support foot can be subdivided into two substrategies: the ipsilateral pivot and the ipsilateral crossover 39 .…”

Section: Effects Of the Intervention Program On 180º Turn Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strategy of turning in the direction ipsilateral to the support foot can be subdivided into two substrategies: the ipsilateral pivot and the ipsilateral crossover 39 . The ipsilateral turn strategy requires greater muscular demand and range of motion in the transverse plane than the contralateral turn strategy, which in turn provides a more stable support base, does not require increased coordination and is no more biomechanically demanding than straight gait 39 .…”

Section: Effects Of the Intervention Program On 180º Turn Performancementioning

confidence: 99%