A Thieno[3,2‐<i>b</i>][1]benzothiophene Isoindigo Building Block for Additive‐ and Annealing‐Free High‐Performance Polymer Solar Cells

Yue, Wan; Ashraf, Raja Shahid; Nielsen, Christian B.; Collado-Fregoso, Elisa; Niazi, Muhammad Rizwan; Yousaf, S. Amber; Kirkus, Mindaugas; Chen, Hung‐Yang; Amassian, Aram; Durrant, James R.; McCulloch, Iain

doi:10.1002/adma.201501841

Cited by 124 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Since the BHJ active layers are fabricated by solution coating process, morphologies of the BHJ active layers can be effectively modulated by selecting various processing solvents. [ 25 ] Overall, the development of simple processing method is of signifi cance in advancing the PSC tech- [17][18][19] What calls for special attention is that when high-boilingpoint additives, thermal annealing, and/or solvent vapor treatment are involved for fabricating a PSC device, tedious optimizing processes must be carried out to get an optimal device fabrication condition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Environment‐Friendly Single‐Solvent Processing

Zhang

Yao

Zhao

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

104

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nology to realize the advantages in making light-weight, fl exible, and large-scale solar panel by solution coating method. [ 26 ] From the aspect of mass production, fabrication process of PSC must meet the environment protection requirements. However, as a technology to produce green energy, the PSCs with the state-of-art effi ciencies were commonly fabricated by using hazardous organic solvents, [16][17][18] such as chlorobenzene (CB), o -dichlorobenzene (DCB), chloroform, diiodooctane (DIO) and so on. Since these chlorinated solvents may cause persistent pollution to environment and accumulative damage to animal and human health, researchers devoted great efforts to developing PSCs processed by environment-friendly solvents. [27][28][29][30] For instances, Chueh et al. used two nonchlorinated solvents, o -xylene (xylene) and trimethylbenzene, to process the polymer:fullerene derivative blend and obtained a PCE of 7.3%. [ 31 ] Chen et al. employed a halogen-free and aromatic-free solvent, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran to fabricate PSC devices and realized a PCE of 5.1% [ 32 ] Our group found that the blend of xylene and N -methylpyrrolidone (NMP) could replace the function of the blend of DCB and DIO in device fabrication and realized over 9% effi ciency; [ 29 ] more recently, we used the blend of anisole and diphenyl ether as the processing solvent to fabricate the PSCs and obtained a PCE of 8.37%. [ 33 ] According to these reported works, it can be concluded that although highboiling-point solvents or other treatments were used to modulate active layer morphology, effi ciencies of PSCs processed by environment-friendly solvents are still lower than the state-ofart effi ciency obtained from the PSCs processed by chlorinated solvents. Therefore, it is still a great challenge to fabricate highly effi cient PSCs by employing a single environment-friendly solvent without any further treatment.Low bandgap copolymers based on benzo[1,2b :4,5b ′]dithiophene (BDT) and thieno[3,4b ]thiophene (TT) units, namely PBDTTTs, have been successfully applied in fabricating highly effi cient PSCs. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] However, it is worth noting that all highly effi cient PBDTTTs-based devices with PCE beyond 9% were achieved by using binary solvents. In this work, we fi rst proposed a novel solvent, 2-methylanisole (MA), as the processing solvent to fabricate PSCs based on PBDT-TS1, [ 37 ] a derivative of PBDTTTs, and realized a PCE of 9.67% without using any additives or posttreatments. As far as we know, this outstanding effi ciency is the highest among those of PSCs fabricated under additive-and posttreatment-free circumstance, and as similar as the reported results obtained from the halogenated DCB:DIO or the nonhalogenated xylene:NMP binary-solvent systems. More importantly, MA is a nonhalogenated, biodegradable chemical with low toxicity, and much safer than CB or DCB for mass production. For example, according to the hazards identifi cation on the Material Safety Data Sheet, there is only one h...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Environment‐Friendly Single‐Solvent Processing

Zhang

Yao

Zhao

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

104

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“…We speculate that insufficient phase separation leads to increased nongeminate recombination resulting in a lower fill factor compared to other high efficiency polymer/fullerene blends with more pronounced phase separation. [28,29] The EQE spectra of polymer:PC 70 BM blend show a broad and high response between 400 and 650 nm. It is obvious that the main absorption band of NDT-BT contributes to the photocurrent generation and external quantum efficiencies of over 0.8 are reached for C 2 C 6 -NDT-BT polymer.…”

Section: Photovoltaic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naphthacenodithiophene Based Polymers—New Members of the Acenodithiophene Family Exhibiting High Mobility and Power Conversion Efficiency

Knall

Ashraf

Nikolka

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

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“…18 OFET devices fabricated with small molecules and polymers based on these structures all showed promising performances. [16][17][18] All this progress indicates the great potential of isoindigo core modification in improving OFET properties, which deserves further exploration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiophene-fused isoindigo based conjugated polymers for ambipolar organic field-effect transistors

Zhao

Cai

et al. 2016

Polym. Chem.

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A series of donor-acceptor (D-A) type conjugated polymers based on novel thiophene-fused isoindigo (TII) were designed and synthesized via palladium catalyzed Stille copolymerization. We found that the redesign of the synthesis of brominated TII was necessary, and the α-bromination had to be completed at the very beginning, or β-brominated TII was obtained, which only led to cross conjugated polymers.Once the bromination was introduced at the correct position, fully conjugated D-A type polymers could be obtained. A series of fully conjugated polymers were obtained by Stille coupling polymerization of α-brominated TII with different donors, and among them, copolymers with thiophene (T) and (E)-1,2-bis (3-octylthiophen-2-yl)ethene (TVT-8) showed acceptable solubility and were suitable to fabricate solution-processable organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Top-gate/bottom-contact (TG/BC) devices were constructed for the polymers to test their OFET performances. Both fully conjugated polymers exhibit two-orders of magnitude higher charge carrier mobilities than the cross conjugated ones, and PTII-T shows balanced electron and hole mobilities and PTII-TVT-8 is a p-type dominated semiconductor. These observations indicated that the developed TII unit that has improved coplanarity can be a promising building block for the construction of highly efficient conjugated polymers for OFET applications.

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A Thieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene Isoindigo Building Block for Additive‐ and Annealing‐Free High‐Performance Polymer Solar Cells

Cited by 124 publications

References 35 publications

High‐Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Environment‐Friendly Single‐Solvent Processing

High‐Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Environment‐Friendly Single‐Solvent Processing

Naphthacenodithiophene Based Polymers—New Members of the Acenodithiophene Family Exhibiting High Mobility and Power Conversion Efficiency

Thiophene-fused isoindigo based conjugated polymers for ambipolar organic field-effect transistors

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