A Theory of the Pathogenesis of Ordinary Human Baldness

Szasz, Thomas S.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1950.01530080040004

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…16 Importantly, baldness is not only a cosmetic trait – it has also been associated with endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases, likely due to the myriad effects of sex hormones. 17 Baldness has long been associated with heredity, 18 and men whose fathers and/or maternal grandfathers are bald are more likely to experience hair loss. 19 Heritability estimates of MPB range from 60% to 70%, 20 and genetic risk factors in European populations include polymorphisms at 20p11 and Xq12, including alleles near the EDA2R (ectodysplasin A2 receptor) and AR (androgen receptor) genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Importantly, baldness is not only a cosmetic trait -it has also been associated with endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases, likely due to the myriad effects of sex hormones. 17 Baldness has long been associated with heredity, 18 and men whose fathers . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license available under a (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uncovering the genetic architecture and evolutionary roots of androgenetic alopecia in African men

Janivara,

Hazra,

Pfennig

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Androgenetic alopecia is a highly heritable trait. However, much of our understanding about the genetics of male pattern baldness comes from individuals of European descent. Here, we examined a novel dataset comprising 2,136 men from Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, and South Africa that were genotyped using a custom array. We first tested how genetic predictions of baldness generalize from Europe to Africa, finding that polygenic scores from European GWAS yielded AUC statistics that ranged from 0.513 to 0.546, indicating that genetic predictions of baldness in African populations performed notably worse than in European populations. Subsequently, we conducted the first African GWAS of androgenetic alopecia, focusing on self-reported baldness patterns at age 45. After correcting for present age, population structure, and study site, we identified 266 moderately significant associations, 51 of which were independent (p-value < 10-5, r2 < 0.2). Most baldness associations were autosomal, and the X chromosomes does not appear to have a large impact on baldness in African men. Finally, we examined the evolutionary causes of continental differences in genetic architecture. Although Neanderthal alleles have previously been associated with skin and hair phenotypes, we did not find evidence that European-ascertained baldness hits were enriched for signatures of ancient introgression. Most loci that are associated with androgenetic alopecia are evolving neutrally. However, multiple baldness-associated SNPs near the EDA2R and AR genes have large allele frequency differences between continents. Collectively, our findings illustrate how evolutionary history contributes to the limited portability of genetic predictions across ancestries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the genetic architecture and evolutionary roots of androgenetic alopecia in African men

Janivara,

Hazra,

Pfennig

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Szasz & Robe1tson (9) suggested that the in creased tension of the �caJp muscles is the cause of MPB. [n 1959, Orentreich (7) published results of con tinuing hair growth in his hair-bearing grafts trans planted from the non-balding occipital region to the bald areas of the scalp.…”

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confidence: 99%