A TDMA based EM controlled multi-channel MAC protocol for underwater sensor networks

Alam, Md. Ibrahim Ibne; Hossain, Md. Farhad

doi:10.1109/ecace.2017.7912918

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Multi-channel MAC protocols utilize more than one data channel for communications. In recent time, designing multichannel MAC protocols for UWSNs has drawn considerable attention due to the support of multiple channels in modern sensor platforms [5], [10]- [13]. Use of multiple channels leads to reduced collisions and higher throughput compared to those of single channel MAC protocols [10], [11], [13].…”

Section: Multi-channel Mac Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that the MAC protocols do not perform as efficiently as in terrestrial sensor networks and thus the importance of designing new MAC protocols considering the characteristics of EM wave in underwater was established. In our previous works of [13], [45], we presented our preliminary works on two different MAC protocols by incorporating EM wave for communications, which used simple protocol interference model only. This paper further extends and thoroughly investigates those two MAC protocols by considering both physical and protocol interference models accompanied with a comprehensive feasibility study.…”

Section: Mac Protocol For Em Underwater Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks Using EM Wave With TDMA Based Control Channel

et al. 2020

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Underwater communication (UWC) growing over the past few decades is the major tool for exploring the vast underwater space. Research and development of UWC networks are dominantly acoustic (Ac) wave based due to its long coverage capability. However, the demand of low latency and high throughput applications, and the emergence of short-range UWCs in modern times has drawn attention towards the development of electromagnetic (EM) wave based underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). In light of this, this paper proposes novel medium access control (MAC) protocols by integrating EMbased communications in UWSNs. Proposed protocols use one TDMA-based control channel and one or multiple data channel(s) for control and data packet transmissions respectively. The control channel uses EM wave, while the data channels use either EM or Ac wave for communications. Proposed MAC protocols are developed considering both protocol interference model and physical interference model by taking both propagation delay and underwater channel impairments into account. Performance of the protocols is evaluated through extensive simulations in terms of throughput, packet collision rate, waiting time, energy requirement and network coverage. Impact of system parameters including offered load, network size, data packet size, control packet power, water conductivity and channel bandwidth are analyzed thoroughly. A comprehensive feasibility study by comparing the proposed MAC protocols with the traditional protocols as well as with the full Ac-wave based counterpart is also presented for further validations. INDEX TERMS EM wave, MAC protocol, TDMA, Multi-channel protocol, UWSN.

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Section: Multi-channel Mac Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mac Protocol For Em Underwater Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks Using EM Wave With TDMA Based Control Channel

et al. 2020

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“…In order to utilize both EM and acoustic waves at the same time for developing MAC protocol in USNs, EM-MC (EM controlled Multi-Channel) MAC protocol was proposed [15]. The EM-MC protocol uses a single EM channel and acoustic channels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Channel MAC Protocol based on Dynamic Time Slot Allocation for Underwater Sensor Networks

Choi¹,

Kim²

2019

IJATCSE

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The underwater sensor networks (USNs) are becoming increasingly important in ocean exploration. Compared with wireless networks, USNs have long propagation delay of acoustic signals, which pose challenges to the design of medium access control (MAC) protocol and degrade network performance. In order to improve network performance, EM-MC MAC protocol was proposed. The EM-MC protocol uses a single electromagnetic (EM) channel to reserve data transmissions, and acoustic channels to transmit data packets. The EM-MC protocol does not work well in environments where node configurations change dynamically because the number of time slots to reserve data transmissions on the EM channel is fixed. To solve this problem, we propose a new MAC protocol, which allocates time slots dynamically according to node configurations. In the proposed protocol, time is divided into superframes. Time slots are allocated to each sensor node based on the node configuration at the start time of each superframe. Performance evaluation is conducted using simulation, and confirms that the proposed protocol outperforms the previous protocol in terms of throughput.

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“…In the literature of UWSN MAC protocols, there are three types: CONTENTION-FREE, CONTENTION-BASED, 8 and HYBRID MAC 9,10 protocols. For the first type, there are protocols based on three multiple access techniques such as FDMA, 11 TDMA, [12][13][14] and CDMA. 15,16 The second protocols type are classified into random access and handshaking protocols that have the advantage of using the full bandwidth of the communication channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling game approach to improve the MAC protocol in the underwater wireless sensor networks

Jouhari

Ibrahimi

Tembiné

et al. 2019

Int J Communication

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Summary Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are instructed for critical applications like military surveillance and underwater oil spills that conducted in a very massive three‐dimensional (3‐D) space that needs many underwater nodes (UNs) to cover the target area. Those UNs are not easy to recharge and cannot exploit solar power. MAC protocols deployed for UWSN ought to consider the energy efficiency, so as, to extend the network lifetime with total connectivity and significant throughput. Terrestrial MAC protocols could not be used for UWSN due to long and unpredictable propagation delay. Consequently, the development of a new MAC protocol for the harsh environment as underwater is a challenging task. In this study, we focus on the deployment of TDMA in UWSN for this, two schemes entitled TDMA slot sharing (TSS) and free time slots reallocation (FTSR) are proposed. Received data stored in the buffer waiting for processing and forwarding might lead to an unlimited data transfer latency those results in the buffer overflow. Otherwise, free time slots appearing during the communication process resulting from dead nodes increase uselessly sleep time for the rest of the nodes. Both schemes based on signaling game are proposed to overcome those problems, TSS is used to enable the slot sharing between UNs during the communication process to reduce the buffer overflow. FTSR scheme aims to increase the throughput of UNs by allowing the reuse of free time slots. Numerical results conducted in this work show good improvement in the network performance concerning throughput.

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A TDMA based EM controlled multi-channel MAC protocol for underwater sensor networks

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks Using EM Wave With TDMA Based Control Channel

MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks Using EM Wave With TDMA Based Control Channel

Multi-Channel MAC Protocol based on Dynamic Time Slot Allocation for Underwater Sensor Networks

Signaling game approach to improve the MAC protocol in the underwater wireless sensor networks

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