A folic
acid (FA) functional drug delivery system (MT@L-PTX@FA)
based on in situ formation of tellurium nanodots (Te NDs) in paclitaxel
(PTX)-loaded MgAl layered double hydroxide (LDHs) gated mesoporous
silica nanoparticles (MSNs) has been designed and fabricated for targeted
chemo/PDT/PTT trimode combinatorial therapy. X-ray diffraction (XRD),
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), N2 adsorption–desorption, Fourier transform infrared
(FT-IR) spectra, and UV–vis spectra were used to demonstrate
the successful fabrication of MT@L-PTX@FA. In particular, the in situ
generated Te NDs showed a homogeneous ultrasmall size. Reactive oxygen
species (ROS) generation, photothermal effects, and photostability
evaluations indicated that the in situ generated homogeneous Te NDs
could serve as the phototherapeutic agent, converting the photon energy
to ROS and heat under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation efficiently.
The drug-release test revealed that MT@L-PTX@FA showed an apparent
sustained release character in a pH-sensitive manner. In addition,
cell imaging experiments demonstrated that MT@L-PTX@FA could selectively
enter into cancer cells owing to the function of FA and release of
PTX efficiently for chemotherapy for the reason that the low intracellular
pH would dissolve MgAl LDHs to Mg2+ and Al3+. Cytotoxicity tests also indicated that MT@L-PTX@FA exhibited enhanced
therapeutic effect in cancer cells under NIR irradiation, benefiting
from the synergy based on targeted chemo/PDT/PTT trimode combinatorial
therapy. The preliminary results reported here will shed new light
on the future design and applications of nanosystems for synergistic
combinatorial therapy.