A systematic review of tuberculosis detection and prevention studies in prisons

Haeusler, Ilsa L.; Ortiz, Arturo Torres; Grandjean, Louis

doi:10.1080/17441692.2020.1864753

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although many studies have demonstrated that prisons are hotspots of tuberculosis and transmission, it remains unclear which interventions are most effective at controlling tuberculosis in prisons. 24 Active case finding at CCF targets only inmates from high prevalence countries, thus explaining the high number of prisoners not tested in our study.…”

Section: To Offer Hepatitis B Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 80%

Sexually transmitted infections epidemiology and risk assessment at the main correctional facility in Malta (2017–2019)

Muscat

Cremona²,

Fenech³

et al. 2021

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Background Inmates suffer from mental and physical ailments combined with substance misuse and addiction which are often underreported or disregarded by sufferers, for fear of being stigmatized. This vulnerable group has complex medical and psychosocial needs and hence gathering data is essential for a holistic approach to care.Objectives Understanding the interplay between sexually transmitted (STIs) and blood borne infections, substance misuse and mental health is essential to enable targeted interventions and outreach programmes. The aim was to analyse the occurrence of STIs, hepatitis and tuberculosis in inmates at the main custodial facility in Malta; to assess risk behaviours and vulnerabilities through an outreach programme; to offer treatment and referral and to develop recommendations for screening of prison inmates.Methods A mixed methodology study was used which involved analysis of health data pooled from the Genitourinary Clinic (GUC) and Corradino Correctional Facility (CCF) in Malta. ResultsIn the study period, 206 inmates were tested for STIs, 67.9% males, aged between 14 and 72. Only 27% were not sexually active in the 6 months prior to testing. Among those sexually active, 31% had had sex with casual partners and 43% had never used condoms for sexual intercourse. Seventy-five percent admitted to drug use. The most common STI diagnosed was HPV (16.5%), followed by syphilis (5.8%). Genital dermatoses were also frequent (9.2%). The prevalence of Hepatitis C was high (24.5%), in relation to intravenous drug use. ConclusionThe authors advocate for more collaboration between sexual health clinics and prisons to address educational interventions and STIs' testing. Cultural and linguistic barriers should be considered when devising national health strategies and screening recommendations in custodial settings. Adequate follow-up should extend into the community setting once inmates leave the prison to ensure a continuum of care.

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Section: To Offer Hepatitis B Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 80%

Sexually transmitted infections epidemiology and risk assessment at the main correctional facility in Malta (2017–2019)

Muscat

Cremona²,

Fenech³

et al. 2021

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…One of the causes is the confinement context of overcrowding, where even the most elementary rules of preventive medicine cannot be enforced [ 29 ]. Other causes of the recurrence of the disease in prison include the high number of non-EU inmates, the high prevalence of HIV-positive inmates, the high incidence of substance abusers, and the lack of a suitable surveillance system [ 30 , 31 ]. By coughing, sneezing, or simply talking to each other, the bacteria enclosed in droplets are expelled into the closed environment of detention rooms and tend to float and remain in the air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not Only COVID-19: Prevalence and Management of Latent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection in Three Penitentiary Facilities in Southern Italy

et al. 2022

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Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis in prisoners are higher than the general population and are two public health concerns, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with LTBI among the inmate population detained in three Southern Italian penitentiaries. Tuberculin intradermal reaction skin test was performed on the inmates who agreed to participate in the study. In case of positivity, the QuantiFERON-TB test was performed. In those positive to QuantiFERON, chest X-ray films were performed, and treatment initiated. A total of 381 inmates accepted to participate. The prevalence of LTBI was 4.2%. In the analysis, LTBI was associated with no self-reported contact with active tuberculosis patients within the prisons, and 10% of subjects admitted the use of inhaled drugs. No HIV coinfections were found. No cases of active symptomatic tuberculosis were identified during the study period. Our results confirm that incarceration increases the risk of tuberculous infection. Non-EU nationality and a history of drug addiction appear to be major risk factors for tuberculosis infection in the penitentiary setting. Reinforcing tuberculosis control is essential to prevent its transmission in prisons.

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“…Some infectious diseases are more prevalent in prisons than in the general population. These include HIV infection, hepatitis and tuberculosis (Haeusler et al , 2021; Wali et al , 2019). Studies also report high proportions of non-communicable diseases in prisons, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes, mental illness (Bondolfi et al , 2020; Simeni Njonnou et al , 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prison health priorities in Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study in the two largest detention environments in Burkina Faso

Diendéré

Traoré²,

Bernatas

et al. 2021

IJPH

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the factors associated with the occurrence of diseases and beriberi among prisoners incarcerated in the two largest Remand and Correctional Facilities (RCF). Design/methodology/approach This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study carried out from April 20 to May 19, 2017, in the RCFs of Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso. All prisoners who consulted and those referred to the health center by the health-care team were included in the study. Complaints and diagnosed diseases information were collected using the second version of the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC-2). The authors used a logistic regression model to perform univariate and multivariate analyses. Findings Of the 1,004 prisoners from the two RCFs included in the study (32.6%), 966 (96%) were male. The median age was 31.6 years. The distribution of diseases diagnosed using the ICPC-2 showed a predominance of gastrointestinal tract, skin and respiratory tract diseases among 206 (19.3%), 188 (17.6%) and 184 (17.2%) prisoners, respectively. A total of 302 prisoners (30.1%) had clinical beriberi, and 80 prisoners (8%) were underweight. Being incarcerated for more than nine months was independently associated with a high risk of digestive and respiratory diseases as well as beriberi. Research limitations/implications This study highlighted higher frequencies of digestive, skin and respiratory complaints and diseases in the two largest detention centers in Burkina Faso. These diseases are variously related to age, penal status and length of incarceration. In addition, underweight and thiamin vitamin deficiency responsible for beriberi are more frequent in adult prisoners, those not attending school, convicted prisoners and those with a length of stay in detention of more than nine months. These concrete results should help define a strategy and priority actions needed to reduce morbidity in prisons. Practical implications The actions should include the intervention of specialists in the field of common diseases in prisons, the improvement of individual hygiene conditions and environment, the improvement of the quality and quantity of the food ration, a strategy to reduce prison overcrowding. Other actions must be planned to allow specific groups such as women and minors to have access to health care that is adapted to them. Beyond the central concern of promoting the rights of prisoners and humanizing prisons, actions to improve the health of prisoners are part of an overall public health approach with its socio-economic and environmental implications. Social implications There is a need for a strong commitment from the State to develop a prison health policy that prioritizes the prevention of communicable and non-communicable diseases that are particularly prevalent in this context, without forgetting mental health and nutrition. This requires a collaboration of stakeholders based on better intersectorial communication, the implementation of a monitoring and evaluation system for the health of prisoners, an enhancement of the status of health-care providers working in prisons and an increase in the funding allocated to the health of prisoners with the mobilization of the necessary funds. Originality/value This study uses a primary health care classification to assess the health of inmates in a prison in Africa. It contributes to the weak evidence around prison health surveillance and health profiling of prisoners in Africa.

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A systematic review of tuberculosis detection and prevention studies in prisons

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Sexually transmitted infections epidemiology and risk assessment at the main correctional facility in Malta (2017–2019)

Sexually transmitted infections epidemiology and risk assessment at the main correctional facility in Malta (2017–2019)

Not Only COVID-19: Prevalence and Management of Latent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection in Three Penitentiary Facilities in Southern Italy

Prison health priorities in Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study in the two largest detention environments in Burkina Faso

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