A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effects of exercise training versus hypocaloric diet: distinct effects on body weight and visceral adipose tissue

Verheggen, Rebecca J. H. M.; Maessen, Martijn F.H.; Green, Daniel; Hermus, A.R.M.M.; Hopman, Maria T. E.; Thijssen, Dick

doi:10.1111/obr.12406

Cited by 244 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…In the present study the estimation of visceral fat measured as an android region mass by DXA showed a substantial ~68% decrease followed by an increase back to the pre-values after the recovery period. A recent meta-analysis suggests that in negative energy balance, both exercise and diet reduce fat mass, but exercise may be more important to reduce visceral adipose tissue (Verheggen et al, 2016). The decrease in fat in these areas combined with energy deficit can, in theory, signal the hypothalamus-pituitary axis to decrease secretion of hormones relating to ovulation such as estradiol and eventually, to transiently stop ovulation and menstrual bleeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Intensive Weight Reduction on Body Composition and Serum Hormones in Female Fitness Competitors

et al. 2017

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Worries about the potential negative consequences of popular fat loss regimens for aesthetic purposes in normal weight females have been surfacing in the media. However, longitudinal studies investigating these kinds of diets are lacking. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a 4-month fat-loss diet in normal weight females competing in fitness-sport. In total 50 participants finished the study with 27 females (27.2 ± 4.1 years) dieting for a competition and 23 (27.7 ± 3.7 years) acting as weight-stable controls. The energy deficit of the diet group was achieved by reducing carbohydrate intake and increasing aerobic exercise while maintaining a high level of protein intake and resistance training in addition to moderate fat intake. The diet led to a ~12% decrease in body weight (P < 0.001) and a ~35–50% decrease in fat mass (DXA, bioimpedance, skinfolds, P < 0.001) whereas the control group maintained their body and fat mass (diet × group interaction P < 0.001). A small decrease in lean mass (bioimpedance and skinfolds) and in vastus lateralis muscle cross-sectional area (ultrasound) were observed in diet (P < 0.05), whereas other results were unaltered (DXA: lean mass, ultrasound: triceps brachii thickness). The hormonal system was altered during the diet with decreased serum concentrations of leptin, triiodothyronine (T3), testosterone (P < 0.001), and estradiol (P < 0.01) coinciding with an increased incidence of menstrual irregularities (P < 0.05). Body weight and all hormones except T3 and testosterone returned to baseline during a 3–4 month recovery period including increased energy intake and decreased levels aerobic exercise. This study shows for the first time that most of the hormonal changes after a 35–50% decrease in body fat in previously normal-weight females can recover within 3–4 months of increased energy intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Intensive Weight Reduction on Body Composition and Serum Hormones in Female Fitness Competitors

et al. 2017

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“…The WHO has recommended lifestyle interventions to reduce 5–10% of body weight as the primary preventive and management strategy for overweight and obesity 2. Excess fat mass, particularly in the visceral depot, results in more detrimental obesity-related health effects than just excess body weight 3. Reducing visceral adipose tissue improves cardiovascular and metabolic risk 4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent aerobic plus resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise alone to improve health outcomes in paediatric obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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Objective To determine if the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise is superior to aerobic exercise alone for the health of obese children and adolescents. Design Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data sources Computerised search of 3 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry). Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Studies that compared the effect of supervised concurrent exercise versus aerobic exercise interventions, with anthropometric and metabolic outcomes in paediatric obesity (6-18 years old). The mean differences (MD) of the parameters from preintervention to postintervention between groups were pooled using a random-effects model. Results 12 trials with 555 youths were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with aerobic exercise alone, concurrent exercise resulted in greater reductions in body mass (MD=−2.28 kg), fat mass (MD=−3.49%; and MD=−4.34 kg) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD=−10.20 mg/dL); as well as greater increases in lean body mass (MD=2.20 kg) and adiponectin level (MD=2.59 μg/mL). Differences were larger for longer term programmes (>24 weeks). Summary Concurrent aerobic plus resistance exercise improves body composition, metabolic profiles, and inflammatory state in the obese paediatric population. Trial registration number CRD42016039807.

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“…A previous study demonstrated that weight loss is a poor marker for visceral adipose tissue change [21]. Whereas dietary restriction has superior effects on body weight reduction compared to exercise [22, 23], exercise tends to have superior effects in reducing visceral adipose tissue compared to caloric restriction [24]. The reduction of visceral adipose tissue is more important in the treatment of NAFLD than body weight loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sake lees extract improves hepatic lipid accumulation in high fat diet-fed mice

Kubo¹,

Hoshi²,

Matsumoto³

et al. 2017

Lipids Health Dis

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BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide as one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease. Sake lees (SL) are secondary products of sake manufacturing and are considered to have beneficial effects on human health. To investigate these effects, we used high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice treated with or without the SL extract.MethodMice were the HFD ad libitum for 8 weeks and were administered 500 μL of distilled water with or without the SL extract (350 mg/mL) by a feeding needle daily for the last 4 weeks. Food intake, body weight, and liver weight were measured. Triacylglycerol content and the mRNA and protein expression levels of various lipid and glucose metabolism-related genes were determined in liver tissues. The levels of triglyceride, free fatty acids, glucose, insulin, and liver cell damage markers were determined in serum. Fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells was assessed in the presence or absence of the SL extract.ResultsMice fed a HFD and treated with the SL extract demonstrated a significant reduction in hepatic lipid accumulation and mRNA and protein levels of peroxidome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), PPARα, CD36, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 in the liver, while the SL extract did not affect body weight and food intake. Moreover, insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation in HFD-fed mice improved after administration of the SL extract. In HepG2 cells, the SL extract suppressed fatty acid-induced intracellular lipid accumulation.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that treatment with the SL extract could potentially reduce the risk of NAFLD development, and that the SL extract may be clinically useful for the treatment of NAFLD.

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A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effects of exercise training versus hypocaloric diet: distinct effects on body weight and visceral adipose tissue

Cited by 244 publications

References 143 publications

The Effects of Intensive Weight Reduction on Body Composition and Serum Hormones in Female Fitness Competitors

The Effects of Intensive Weight Reduction on Body Composition and Serum Hormones in Female Fitness Competitors

Concurrent aerobic plus resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise alone to improve health outcomes in paediatric obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sake lees extract improves hepatic lipid accumulation in high fat diet-fed mice

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