A Systematic Approach Based on STPA for Developing a Dependable Architecture for Fully Automated Driving Vehicles

Abdulkhaleq, Asim; Lammering, Daniel; Wagner, Stefan; Röder, Jürgen; Balbierer, Norbert; Ramsauer, Ludwig; Raste, Thomas; Boehmert, Hagen

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.03.094

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The event tree analyses the probability that certain situations can lead to hazards but is not useful for safety in use. Abdulkhaleq et al (2017) [3] classified the safety of automated driving systems into three categories: Functional safety (FS), safety of intended functionality (SOIF) and the safety in use (SIU). In this preliminary work, we proposed a systematic method based on STPA for considering the operational safety of the automated driving.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, this is still not sufficient to ensure the safety of the automated driving systems. Therefore, a holistic consideration is needed to evaluate all safety factors during the development process of the automated driving systems in the automotive domain to ensure operational safety [3]. An additional concept called "safety-in-use" is a key factor in the safety of automated vehicles, which has recently become an interesting topic in the automotive domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Missing no Interaction—Using STPA for Identifying Hazardous Interactions of Automated Driving Systems

Abdulkhaleq¹,

Baumeister²,

Böhmert³

et al. 2018

IJSS

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Missing no Interaction—Using STPA for Identifying Hazardous Interactions of Automated Driving Systems

Abdulkhaleq¹,

Baumeister²,

Böhmert³

et al. 2018

IJSS

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…It prevents accidents by enforcing constraints on component behavior requirements and interactions. STPA has been widely applied in space ( Dulac et al, 2007 ), aviation ( Castilho et al, 2018 ), marine applications ( Wróbel et al, 2018 ), automotive ( Abdulkhaleq et al, 2017 ), and more recently in the healthcare ( Bas, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing National Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic using STPA

2021

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The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has affected most aspects of human life, including the ways in which organizations are operating. Minimizing the spread of coronavirus and its economic consequences, and creating a new and safe lifestyle has now become the common goals of governments all over the world. Although governments have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by implementing various rules while interacting with relevant organizations to provide health service, vaccine research, and production of essential items, the complexities in the interactions between various stakeholders have proved to be challenging to have efficient and timely outputs. When different stakeholders (i.e. governments, organizations, and the public) are interacting with each other, a systems thinking process needs to be applied to capture the nuances of the interactions and the subsequent emergent behavior to effectively contribute to the system output (i.e. a safer way of life). This paper applied a system-thinking-inspired process called System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to analyze the current response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis treated various stakeholders as a part of the system, and it focused on the interactions among different stakeholders (i.e. functional blocks) within the system - i.e. ‘Government’, ‘Foreign Governments’, ‘Organizations’, and ‘General Public’, as well as the interactions with ‘W.H.O’. The STPA analysis found 236 potential Unsafe Control Actions (UCAs) (or unsafe interactions) among the stakeholder interactions, each of the UCAs was then further analyzed. In total 1440 causal factors of the UCAs were identified, and 2880 requirements were proposed to avoid such unsafe interactions.

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“…The improper or inadequate combination of control commands and feedbacks can result in loss of vital values, such as human losses, environmental losses, customer dissatisfaction and economic losses. STPA has been applied in different applications such as automotive, 11 healthcare, 12 aerospace, 13 maritime 14 and subsea. 9,15 As a hazard identification method, STPA can be naturally embedded in safety and security analysis 16,17 by guiding the associated controls and mitigating measures depending on different applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining system-theoretic process analysis and availability assessment: A subsea case study

Zhang

Kim

Liu

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the IMechE

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Hazard identification methods are important tools to verify that the system is able to operate according to specifications under different operating conditions. Unfortunately, many of the traditional methods are not adequate to capture possible dysfunctional behavior of complex systems that involve highly coupled parts, non-linear interactions and software-intensive functionalities. The rather recent method named system-theoretic process analysis (STPA) is one promising candidate to improve the coverage of hazard identification in complex and software-intensive system. Still, there is no guideline for utilizing system-theoretic process analysis output to evaluate the potential of loss, which is important for basis of decision-making about system configuration and equipment selection. The focus of this article is to place an interface between system-theoretic process analysis and reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) analysis. The approach named STPA-RAM model is proposed to translate feedback control loops into stochastic Petri nets for discrete event simulation. The proposed approach is demonstrated with a simple case related to subsea design concept. The major conclusion is that STPA-RAM model extends the application of system-theoretic process analysis, while also improving and as such reducing completeness uncertainty and model uncertainty, associated with input data and information for reliability, availability and maintainability analysis.

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A Systematic Approach Based on STPA for Developing a Dependable Architecture for Fully Automated Driving Vehicles

Cited by 49 publications

References 10 publications

Missing no Interaction—Using STPA for Identifying Hazardous Interactions of Automated Driving Systems

Missing no Interaction—Using STPA for Identifying Hazardous Interactions of Automated Driving Systems

Analyzing National Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic using STPA

Combining system-theoretic process analysis and availability assessment: A subsea case study

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