A survey on MAC protocols for complex self-organizing cognitive radio networks

Abstract

Complex self-organizing cognitive radio (CR) networks serve as a framework for accessing the spectrum allocation dynamically where the vacant channels can be used by CR nodes opportunistically. CR devices must be capable of exploiting spectrum opportunities and exchanging control information over a control channel. Moreover, CR nodes should intelligently coordinate their access between different cognitive radios to avoid collisions on the available spectrum channels and to vacate the channel for the licensed user in timely manner. Since inception of CR technology, several MAC protocols have been designed and developed. This paper surveys the state of the art on tools, technologies and taxonomy of complex self-organizing CR networks. A detailed analysis on CR MAC protocols form part of this paper. We group existing approaches for development of CR MAC protocols and classify them into different categories and provide performance analysis and comparison of different protocols. With our categorization, an easy and concise view of underlying models for development of a CR MAC protocol is provided.

Cross‐layer perspective for channel assignment in cognitive radio networks: A survey

“…The behavior and interactions of the SUs in the course of the channel sharing is well analyzed through a noncooperative, cooperative, and mixed strategic games for which the Nash equilibrium and the Nash bargaining solution is also derived. Further, an extensive study and survey of medium access protocols in CRNs can be found in Gavrilovska et al and Shah et al Various medium access protocols have been divided into two groups, namely, distributed and centralized. While in the distributed approach, each node decides on its own or through cooperation to transmit; a secondary base station decides on the SU that can access the channel in the centralized approach.…”

Efficient rendezvous schemes for fast‐varying cognitive radio ad hoc networks

“…The use of a common control channel (CCC) is one widely adopted rendezvous approach in the literature. [1][2][3] However, this approach has many drawbacks. A CCC is susceptible to early saturation by SUs, long-time blocking by PUs, or jamming by attackers.…”

“…The use of a common control channel (CCC) is one widely adopted rendezvous approach in the literature . However, this approach has many drawbacks.…”