A survey of plants responsible for causing irritant contact dermatitis in the Amathole district, eastern cape, South Africa

Otang, Wilfred Mbeng; Grierson, Donald; Afolayan, A. J.

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.002

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The second case of Schwarz et al (2) developed ADEM, although she did not use echinacea. Some of the ingredients she used could have immunostimulatory properties, such as Cascara sagrada and capsicum, which were reported to induce occupational respiratory allergic diseases and irritant contact dermatitis, respectively (12,13). It is in our consideration that other ingredients of the herbal extract used by our case besides echinacea could have the potential to trigger the immune system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis after Oral Therapy with Herbal Extracts: A Case Report

et al. 2016

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Background: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, commonly attributed to infections or vaccinations. Toxic or allergenic compounds can also trigger a response in the immune system and may cause demyelination. We present a case with ADEM after using oral herbal medications. Case Report: A 25 year-old male developed bilateral central facial palsy and severe quadriparesis after taking herbal drugs (containing echinacea and many other herbal ingredients) for two weeks. He had used the extract to increase his potency and reproductivity. He had no past history of recent immunization or viral infection. The clinical findings, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compatible with ADEM. The neurological findings were improved after seven doses of pulse methylprednisolone treatment. To our knowledge, this is the third report in the literature that links herbal therapy and demyelinating disease. Conclusion: Most of the ADEM cases related to herbal therapy in the literature similarly used echinacea. It is our opinion that other ingredients of the herbal extract used by our case, besides echinacea, could have the potential to cause a trigger in the immune system. Further studies are needed to clarify the immunological effects of different kinds of herbal compounds, as well as the effects of different parts of the plants and the results of various dosages. Moreover, ingredients should also be tested for toxicity, adverse effects and drug interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis after Oral Therapy with Herbal Extracts: A Case Report

et al. 2016

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“…ICD is the most common type of phytodermatitis and unlike ACD does not involve the adaptive immune system [10]. It can be divided into mechanical and chemical etiologies.…”

Section: Irritant Contact Dermatitis (Icd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These mechanisms often work together in concert to produce painful, burning eruptions. Numerous plants have the potential to produce ICD especially when plant tissue is broken or handled roughly [10]. Rashes are best treated by removing the offending agent.…”

Section: Irritant Contact Dermatitis (Icd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytodermatitis: A Brief Review of Human Skin Reactions Caused by the Kingdom Plantae

Brandenburg¹

2019

J Plant Pathol Res

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Many organisms of the kingdom Plantae may cause skin reactions when contacted or ingested. Those involved in work and recreation in the great outdoors as well as gardeners and other plant enthusiasts are well aware of this. While Toxicodendron dermatitis from poison ivy, oak, and sumac is the most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in the United States, this is just the tip of the iceberg. Numerous other species of plants are also known causes of ACD, producing a multitude of molecular culprits. Reactions, however, are not limited to type 4 hypersensitivities. Irritant contact dermatitis, phytophotodermatitis or lime disease, and urticarial rashes also occur when certain species come in contact with skin. Furthermore, ingestion of certain plant species may cause rare toxidrome skin eruptions. This paper reviews all of these major known types of phytodermatitis.

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“…section Aphyllis . The milky latex of most Euphorbia species can be toxic and may cause skin and eye inflammation of different degrees, depending on the species (Webster, 1986; Eke et al, 2000; Vasas et al, 2012; Otang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than one sweet tabaiba: Disentangling the systematics of the succulent dendroid shrub Euphorbia balsamifera

Riina

Villaverde

Rincón-Barrado

et al. 2020

J of Sytematics Evolution

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The sweet tabaiba (Euphorbia balsamifera Ait.) is one of the classical examples of the disjunct biogeographic pattern known as Rand Flora. This species is currently circumscribed to comprise two subspecies, Euphorbia balsamifera subsp. balsamifera and E. balsamifera subsp. adenensis (Deflers) P.R.O. Bally, with their respective areas of distribution separated by a gap of about 2000 km across Central‐East Africa. We use multiple sources of evidence including phylogenomics, morphometrics, lineage ages, and climatic niche analysis to disentangle the confusing taxonomy around this charismatic Euphorbia lineage. Based on our integrative approach, we reestablish the two current subspecies to the rank of species (E. balsamifera Ait., E. adenensis Deflers) and resurrect the long forgotten E. sepium N.E. Br., a commonly used species in the western Sub‐Saharan and Sahelian regions. The taxonomic treatment presented here includes an identification key, updated morphological descriptions, and lectotypification of several names.

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A survey of plants responsible for causing irritant contact dermatitis in the Amathole district, eastern cape, South Africa

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis after Oral Therapy with Herbal Extracts: A Case Report

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis after Oral Therapy with Herbal Extracts: A Case Report

Phytodermatitis: A Brief Review of Human Skin Reactions Caused by the Kingdom Plantae

More than one sweet tabaiba: Disentangling the systematics of the succulent dendroid shrub Euphorbia balsamifera

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