A survey of oysters Crassostrea virginica from Tampa Bay, Florida: associations of internal defense measurements with contaminant burdens

Fisher, William S.; Oliver, Leah M.; Winstead, James T.; Long, Edward R.

doi:10.1016/s0166-445x(00)00082-5

Cited by 83 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Such ultrastructural organisation of the NOX member expressed in bivalves could explain the non-stimulation of PMA in hemocytes. Similarly, hemocytes in bivalves were shown to spontaneously express basal levels of ROS without the need for exogenous stimulation (Fisher et al, 2000;Anderson et al, 2003;Lambert et al, 2003Lambert et al, , 2007aGoedken and DeGuise, 2004). This production of ROS in the absence of phagocytosis or chemical stimulation was suggested to be induced by handling of the hemocytes and contact with non-self material during bleeding and storage .…”

Section: Oxidative Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hemocytes of the carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) and the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum): Current knowledge and future prospects

et al. 2009

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: Hemocytes are the immune effectors in clams, directing cellular but also humoral defences. In the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) and the carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus), two phenotypically similar venerid species, fishery and aquaculture importance motivated scientific studies to improve knowledge about the participation of hemocytes in immune response. Currently, gaps still persist concerning the classification of hemocyte sub-populations as well as their non-immune activities. This review summarizes current knowledge about hemocytes of the Manila clam and the carpet shell clam, suggests some probable misinterpretations arising from extrapolations from other bivalves and vertebrates, and suggests future research prospects. The susceptibility of hemocytes to environmental modifications as well as biological and chemical toxicants is also re-evaluated. Hemocytes of bivalves are not limited in function to immunity and should be considered in a wider scheme including the environment and whole-animal physiology.

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Section: Oxidative Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hemocytes of the carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) and the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum): Current knowledge and future prospects

et al. 2009

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“…The Ulrich et al (2007) study did not include histological confirmation of the PCR results, whereas the negative results that we found in our PCR assay were consistent with those from histological examination of the same oysters, as well as previous histological surveys of Crassostrea virginica in the Gulf of Mexico, including the annual Mussel Watch analyses that began in 1995. Since at least 1978, several thousand oysters have been examined histologically without finding any recognizable haplosporidian (Couch 1985, Gauthier et al 1990, Fisher et al 1996, Kim et al 1998, Fisher et al 2000, Winstead et al 2004, Kim & Powell 2006. In addition, at least one other study has examined Gulf of Mexico oysters using both PCR and histology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread survey finds no evidence of Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) in Gulf of Mexico oysters

Ford

Paterno²,

Scarpa³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The advent of molecular detection assays has provided a set of very sensitive tools for the detection of pathogens in marine organisms, but it has also raised problems of how to interpret positive signals that are not accompanied by visual confirmation. PCR-positive results have recently been reported for Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX), a pathogen of the oyster Crassostrea virginica in 31 of 40 oysters from 6 sites in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Histological confirmation of the PCR results was not undertaken, and no haplosporidian has been reported from the numerous histological studies and surveys of oysters in the region. To further investigate the possibility that H. nelsoni is present in this region, we sampled 210 oysters from 40 sites around the Gulf of Mexico and Puerto Rico using PCR and 180 of these using tissue-section histology also. None of the oysters showed evidence of H. nelsoni by PCR or of any haplosporidian by histology. We cannot, therefore, confirm that H. nelsoni is present and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Our results do not prove that H. nelsoni is absent from the region, but taken together with results from previous histological surveys, they suggest that for the purposes of controlling oyster importation, the region should continue to be considered free of the parasite. KEY WORDS: PCR · Oyster · Crassostrea virginica · Molecular detection · Infection · Shellfish importation · Haplosporidian Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 93: [251][252][253][254][255][256] 2011 C. virginica from Nova Scotia, Canada, to Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA (Haskin & Andrews 1988, Barber et al. 1997, Stephenson et al. 2003, but none of the several histological studies of oysters in the Gulf of Mexico have reported H. nelsoni or any other haplosporidian (Couch 1985, Gauthier et al. 1990, Fisher et al. 1996, Kim et al. 1998, Winstead et al. 2004, Kim & Powell 2006. The most comprehensive of these is the annual status and trends (S&T) MATERIALS AND METHODSCrassostrea virginica were collected between December 2007 and February 2008 at 32 sites representing 14 bay systems from lower Laguna Madre, Texas, to Florida Bay, Florida, USA, and C. rhizophorae were collected from 2 bays in Puerto Rico (Fig. 1, Table 1). In May and July 2010, C. virginica were sampled from 6 additional sites, representing 2 bay systems in Texas and 1 in Florida (Fig. 1, Table 1). All samples were express shipped directly to HSRL. Upon receipt, 12 oysters from each sample were opened using a shucking knife, which was rinsed in 10% bleach between each oyster. A section of gill about 4 mm wide and encompassing all 4 demibranchs approximately 6 to 7 mm posterior to the gill-palp junction was excised and preserved in 70% ethanol (EtOH) for PCR analysis. Dissecting instruments were scraped clean in a bleach-sand mixture, dipped in EtOH and flamed between each oyster. Between the PCR section and the palps, and adjacent to the piece of gill ta...

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“…Individual PAH were incriminated for compromised immune activity of Crassostrea virginica also in USA (Fisher et al 2000). Briefly, native population of the oyster were collected and examined for hemolymph characteristics including hemocyte density, mobility, rate of locomotion, superoxide anion production and levels of lysozyme.…”

Section: Environ Chem Lettmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced PAH pollution monitoring by bivalves

Kasiotis

Emmanouil

2015

Environ Chem Lett

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are broad environmental contaminants, which, due to their lipophilic profile, tend to be absorbed on particles and finally accumulate in marine environments. Due to their cumulative power of adsorption, bivalves are major bioindicators of PAH pollution. Substantial research has been performed on the effects of PAH pollution on marine bivalves. Here we review PAH analysis using bivalves and effects of PAH on bivalves. Specific focus is given on: (1) PAH analytical methodologies and their performance, (2) levels of marine PAH as measured through bivalves within the last decade; current pollution status and (3) health effects of PAH on bivalves.

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A survey of oysters Crassostrea virginica from Tampa Bay, Florida: associations of internal defense measurements with contaminant burdens

Cited by 83 publications

References 38 publications

Hemocytes of the carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) and the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum): Current knowledge and future prospects

Hemocytes of the carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) and the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum): Current knowledge and future prospects

Widespread survey finds no evidence of Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) in Gulf of Mexico oysters

Advanced PAH pollution monitoring by bivalves

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