A Survey of Neutralizing Antibodies to Polio-Myelitis Virus in Cairo, Egypt12

Paul, John R.; Melnick, Joseph L.; Barnett, Vohammie H.; Goldblum, Natan

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119532

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Previous results show that Type 2 neutralizing antibodies, also represented in Fig. 1 and Table I, follow quite a different course (4). Following the loss of the parental antibody, there was a very sharp rise, paralleling at this stage the c-f antibodies, and reaching an 80 per cent level at the age of 2 years, and this high level was retained at 88 to 96 per cent throughout life.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Whether or not the c-f response in the Cairo population is type-specific seems to be of little importance as far as the temporal pattern of Type 2 c-f antibodies is concerned. The reason for this is that infection with all three known types of poliomyelitis virus occurs early in life (4). In any case the col reaction is certainly different from the one measured by the neutralization test; for the c-f antibodies are confined to the years of 1 to 9 if a serum dilution of 1:4 is used, or to the years 1 to 4 if a serum dilution of 1 : 16 is used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Complement-Fixing Antibodies to Type 2 (Lansing) Poliomyelitis Virus in a Normal Population of a Subtropical Area

Goldblum

Melnick

1952

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Sera collected in 1950 from the native population in the vicinity of Cairo, Egypt, have been tested for complement-fixing antibodies to Type 2 (Lansing) poliomyelitis virus. Complement-fixing antibodies are confined to the age of 1 to 9 years if a serum dilution of 1:4 is used in the test, or to the age of 1 to 4 years with a serum dilution of 1:16. A comparison has been made of the findings obtained in this study with the results for neutralizing antibodies previously reported. Complement-fixing antibodies were found to be temporary in nature while neutralizing antibodies were maintained for long periods of time. On this basis, criteria for "recent," "old," or "no infection" in poliomyelitis have been established. Sixteen of the children were bled again in 1952, 18 months after the first bleeding and both series of sera were compared in complement fixation and neutralization tests. All children who were negative in 1950 and who developed c-f antibodies by 1952, also developed neutralizing antibodies to a titer of more than 1:250 during the same period. Some children who failed to develop c-f antibodies, did develop neutralizing antibodies although of lower titer than found in children in whom c-f antibodies made their appearance. These findings are discussed in the light of theories regarding the mode of acquisition of antibodies to poliomyelitis virus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Complement-Fixing Antibodies to Type 2 (Lansing) Poliomyelitis Virus in a Normal Population of a Subtropical Area

Goldblum

Melnick

1952

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Although a prolonged incubation period may be of some importance, the possibility of antibody-mediated maternally-transmitted immunity should not be ignored. Secondly, after the first year of life, the age incidences in Fiji and Aberdeen are strongly reminiscent of the well-documented comparative age distributions of poliomyelitis infection, as determined both clinically and serologically, in Cairo and the United States before the days of mass immuno-prophylaxis against this condition (Paul, Melnick, Bennett & Goldblum, 1952;Paul, Melnick & Riordan, 1952). Thirdly, in Fiji, the suggestion of waning susceptibility with age, and the possibility that this may be immunologically mediated, receive tenuous support from the decreasing degree of skin involvement with age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Features of molluscum contagiosum in the north-east of Scotland and in Fijian village settlements

Postlethwaite

Watt

Hawley

et al. 1967

J. Hyg.

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Between 1964 and 1966 comparative studies were carried out in Aberdeen, Scotland, and in village settlements in Fiji on the clinico-epidemiological features of molluscum contagiosum. In Aberdeen there was a positive correlation between this disease and attendance of patients at public swimming baths. The preponderance of male patients in Aberdeen was attributed to their more frequent indulgence in swimming. Household spread of the condition was rare in Aberdeen but common in Fiji. Lesions frequently occurred unilaterally or were situated on opposing skin surfaces. They were mainly central in distribution in Aberdeen, the axilla being a site of predilection. In Fijians, peripheral lesions were fairly common though palms and soles were not affected. Peak age incidence in Aberdeen was 10–12 years, contrasting with a peak at 2–3 years in Fiji. Opportunity for contagious exposure appeared to be the main factor determining transmission of molluscum contagiosum between hosts, this opportunity occurring frequently and early in life in Fiji but only under special circumstances and later in childhood in Aberdeen. However, the age distributions in the two populations suggested the possible operation of immunological as well as environmental factors in determining the overall pattern of disease in the community.We should like to express our thanks to the following people whose support and co-operation made this joint study possible: Dr K. J. Gilchrist, Principal of the Fiji School of Medicine; Prof J. A. R. Miles, Department of Microbiology, University of Otago; Dr C. H. Gurd, Director of Medical Services, Fiji; and Prof. A. Macdonald, Department of Bacteriology, University of Aberdeen. We are indebted to Dr T. E. Anderson and Dr R. A. Main of the Aberdeen Royal Infirmary for referring patients, to Mr W. Hodgkiss of the Torry Research Station, Aberdeen for carrying out the electron microscopy and to Dr Peter Bennett, Nuffield Foundation Scholar in Tropical Medicine from Aberdeen in 1962, who brought to the attention of the Aberdeen workers the prevalence of molluscum contagiosum in Fiji. Part of the work was supported by a grant to R. Postlethwaite from the British Empire Cancer Campaign for Research. Mr (now Dr) Ian Simpson and Miss Helen Adam were supported by Nuffield Foundation Scholarships in Tropical Medicine, and Dr J. A. Watt by a Garden Research Fellowship from the University of Aberdeen.

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“…The serological history of poliomyelitis in different communities around the world became accessible. We found that early exposure to this virus took place in the underdeveloped nations and that once exposed and infected, even though no disease was caused, persons were immunized for life (77). Within industrialized nations, such early immunizing infections occurred in crowded urban slums, but in affluent areas, exposure to poliovirus was postponed to later years of life, when it was more apt to cause the paralytic form of infection (77,78).…”

Section: Field Studiesmentioning

confidence: 80%

My Role in the Discovery and Classification of the Enteroviruses

Melnick

1996

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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The enteroviruses constitute one of the genera of the picornavirus family. The genus includes the polioviruses, the coxsackieviruses, and the echoviruses of humans, plus a number of enteroviruses of lower animals (e.g. monkeys, cattle, pigs, mice). Over 100 serotypes are recognized, of which the first to be discovered were the polioviruses. It was my good fortune to have been a scientist during the golden age of virology, when new techniques were being introduced into the field. These often led to the discovery of new viruses. This article details the isolation of the enteroviruses, their recognition as a separate genus of Picornaviridae, and my role in the process. Poliovirus, the most hazardous of the group, is almost gone from the world, but the other enteroviruses will be with us for some time. Several members of the Committee dealing with these agents-Enders, Sabin, Dalldorf, Syverton-have passed on, but the work of this Committee to which I was privileged to contribute will live long. CONTENTS

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A Survey of Neutralizing Antibodies to Polio-Myelitis Virus in Cairo, Egypt12

Cited by 37 publications

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Complement-Fixing Antibodies to Type 2 (Lansing) Poliomyelitis Virus in a Normal Population of a Subtropical Area

Complement-Fixing Antibodies to Type 2 (Lansing) Poliomyelitis Virus in a Normal Population of a Subtropical Area

Features of molluscum contagiosum in the north-east of Scotland and in Fijian village settlements

My Role in the Discovery and Classification of the Enteroviruses

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