A Sulphated Mucopolysaccharide in Human Dentine

Pincus, P.

doi:10.1038/166187a0

Cited by 31 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Several studies previously have investigated the nature and the distribution of PG in predentin, dentin, and cement. The existence of PG in dentin tissue was first chemically identified many years ago,38 but today's highly specific techniques have revealed several details as to their distribution and functional properties in the dentin tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dentin proteoglycans: An immunocytochemical FEISEM study

Breschi

Lopes

Gobbi

et al. 2002

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Dentin proteoglycans are fundamental constituents of the dentin matrix and are distributed ubiquitously both in dentin and cement. They have several important functional properties; in particular, they have a fundamental role in the maintenance and the correct stabilization of collagen fibers. The use of phosphoric acid on dentin, as proposed in most common dental adhesive systems to establish a reliable bond, may affect the molecular structure of proteoglycans. The aim of this study was to evaluate, after the application of EDTA or phosphoric acid on dentin, the dentin proteoglycans with an immunocytochemical approach with high resolution SEM. For this purpose, dentin disks obtained from recently extracted human molars were etched with a 35% water solution of phosphoric acid for 15 s, 30 s, and 60 s. Control specimens were conditioned with EDTA. Specimens were immunolabeled with a monoclonal antibody antichondroitin sulfate and visualized with a gold-conjugated secondary antibody. Conditioning dentin with EDTA resulted in a distinct labeling of the proteoglycans, as visualized on branching fibrillar structures in the order of 10-20 nm. The use of 35% phosphoric acid on dentin revealed a coagulation of proteoglycans after etching for 15 s while a very low labeling signal was detectable after 30 s. No labeling was obtained after etching dentin with phosphoric acid for 60 s. These results suggest that the use of 35% phosphoric acid on dentin is able to produce significant structural modifications of the dentin proteoglycans even after short application times. Additionally, when applied on the dentin surface for more than 30 s, phosphoric acid produces a dramatic decrease in proteoglycans' antigenicity, probably due to structural modifications of the three-dimensional conformation of these molecules.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dentin proteoglycans: An immunocytochemical FEISEM study

Breschi

Lopes

Gobbi

et al. 2002

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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“…CHEMICAL DATA ON DENTINE AND DENTINOGENESIS For many years, proteoglycans have been chemically identified in dentine (Pincus, 1950). According to Clark et al (1965), C4-S and C6-S are present in human dentinecementum.…”

Section: Pgs In Dentinementioning

confidence: 99%

Dentine proteoglycans: composition, ultrastructure and functions

Goldberg¹,

Takagi²

1993

Histochem J

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Proteoglycans (PGs) have been visualized in the predentine and dentine with cationic dyes by staining thin sections with Alcian Blue, bismuth nitrate, or using Spicer's high-iron diamine (HID) method. The precise location may be obtained by adding cationic dyes such as Cuprolinic Blue, ruthenium hexamine trichloride or cationic detergent (cetylpyridinium chloride) to the fixative. These methods induced the formation of aggregates which varied in shape and number according to the method used. Rapid freezing followed by freeze-substitution revealed an amorphous ground substance, homogeneously stained with Alcian Blue, located in the predentine between the collagen fibres. These PGs may be involved in transport and diffusion in predentine. In dentine, small granules and needle-like structures were observed along the collagen fibres. This second group of PGs differs in composition, distribution and functions from the predentine PGs. The same distribution was seen when hyaluronidase-gold labelling was used. Labelling with antibodies and autoradiography also gave evidence of two distinct groups of PGs. In predentine, as an hydrated gel, PGs seems to act as mineral inhibitors, whereas immobilized on a surface, as seen at the dentine edge, they act as nucleating agents. The interaction between PGs and phospholipids seems also to play a role in the mineralization process.

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“…Pincus (1950), using a combination of histochemical techniques and quantitation of sulphur and nitrogen, was the first to report the presence of GAG in teeth.…”

Section: From Gags To Pgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteoglycans in Dentinogenesis

Embery

Hall

Waddington

et al. 2001

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

169

158

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The predominant proteoglycans present in predentin and dentin are the chondroitin-sulphate-rich decorin and biglycan and the keratan-sulphate-rich lumican and fibromodulin. These are small, interstitial, leucine-rich proteoglycans which have recently been shown to exist in gradients across the predentin. Antibodies recognizing chondroitin sulphate show a decreasing gradient from the pulpal aspect toward the mineralizing front, the converse being true for keratan sulphate. Antidecorin shows an increase toward the mineralization front. Evidence from biochemical, autoradiographic, and immunohistochemical studies implies that such changes may be brought about by gradients of metalloproteinases. This offers the possibility that the proteoglycans organize the collagen network for receipt of phosphoproteins and phospholipids, the former being evident only at the onset of dentin formation. The suggestion is raised that glycosaminoglycan-depleted leucine-rich protein cores act as sequester points for receipt of phosphoproteins in particular. The rigid, spatially oriented glycosaminoglycan chains on decorin and biglycan are known to bind calcium and may feature directly in mineral initiation.Key words. Dentinogenesis, proteoglycans, phosphoconjugates, metalloproteinases, mineralization.(I) Introduction Jn recent years, there has been a wealth of new information on the group of non-collagenous glycoconjugates present in the extracellular matrix of most connective tissues, termed proteoglycans (PGs). These molecules are deemed to play structural and metabolic functional roles in both the soft and mineralized tissues of the body and are present in a wide variety of non-vertebrate and vertebrate species.Their presence in mineralized tissues, such as bone, has been evident for some time. Although the presence of PGs in predentin and, to a lesser extent, in dentin is well-established, it is only with the advent of contemporary biochemical and immunohistochemical procedures that their speciation, ultrastructural distribution, and possible biological roles in dentinogenesis are beginning to be elucidated.Within the last decade, there have been few reviews specifically addressing the function of PGs in relation to dentinogenesis. Research in this field has borrowed much of its knowledge from connective tissues in general, particularly the work on the aggregating PGs, such as aggrecan, present in cartilage. It The aspect of gradient distribution will be described in detail later and is of major significance, since it offers a functionality for such molecules during the structural transition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of predentin, leading to the correct spatial assembly of the collagenous-non-coliagenous scaffold as a prelude for mineral deposition. For this reason, the review wili also deal with recent work on the potential of metalioproteinases (MMPs) to bring about such transition and the presence of phosphoprotein in dentin specifically hnked to mineralization. The absence of phosphoprotein from predentin an...

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A Sulphated Mucopolysaccharide in Human Dentine

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Dentin proteoglycans: An immunocytochemical FEISEM study

Dentin proteoglycans: An immunocytochemical FEISEM study

Dentine proteoglycans: composition, ultrastructure and functions

Proteoglycans in Dentinogenesis

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