“…At the preprocessing stage, the aim is to enhance the signature through image and signal processing techniques for static and dynamic signatures. At the feature extraction stage, the techniques can be divided into function-based features, which use the timing information in the signature; global parameters, which describe particular aspects of a signature (e.g., loops or baselines [142]); component-oriented features, which focus on particular characteristics, such as a pen-up or pen-down; and pixel-based techniques. At the verification stage, various strategies, some quite classical, are described in the recent literature, for example, dynamic time warping (DTW) [52,82,83,102,140,176,[234][235][236] or support vector machines (SVMs) [54,56,76,104,198,274].…”