A study on structural and magnetic properties of NixZn1-xFe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) ferrite nanoparticles

Abstract

A series of nickel doped zinc ferrite NixZn1-xFe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) nanoparticles were prepared using sol-gel method. The influence of Ni 2+ ions substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of ZnFe2O4 spinel ferrites were subsequently studied. The XRD patterns of as synthesized samples confirm the single crystalline phase formation without any trace of impurity. The lattice parameter decreases linearly from 8.368 Å to 8.264 Å, whereas crystallite size increases with the increase in Ni 2+ ion concentration. HRTEM images also confirm the nano size particle formation. From the HRTEM images this has been observed that the particle size lies in the range 15-45 nm. The saturation magnetization increases from 26.70 emu/gm for x = 0.0 to 45.85 emu/gm for x = 0.4 with the increase in nickel content. The increase in saturation magnetisation is also supported by spin concentration values as calculated from EPR study.

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“…This value was close to the theoretically saturated magnetization of maghemite (M s = 76 emu/g) and reflects the excellent magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles [33]. Differences between experimental and theoretical values were frequently reported in the literature and justified by the existence of defects in the crystal structure or the presence of nonmagnetic compounds incorporated during emulsion formulation [34]. In our case, this difference was mainly attributed to magnetically inactive oleic acid used to prepare organic ferrofluid, which accounts for almost 20% of the total mass of the organic ferrofluid [35].…”

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“…This variation is possible due to the strengthening dipolar interaction among cations through oxygen. 35 Additionally, EPR techniques could perceive some thermally stimulated surface electrons of spin-structured materials with an extended lifetime similar to previous work. 36 The multinary spinels could therefore alternatively bolster the photoinduced e − −h + separation efficiency as unveiled by referring to the high EPR signal intensity spanning across the spinel-structured ZCF HYSHMs.…”

“…It is worthy to mention that the peak-to-peak amplitude, the point of minimum derivative, and the point of maximum derivative shift toward the higher field for the multinary ferrite than that for zinc ferrite and lower than that for copper ferrite (Table ). This variation is possible due to the strengthening dipolar interaction among cations through oxygen . Additionally, EPR techniques could perceive some thermally stimulated surface electrons of spin-structured materials with an extended lifetime similar to previous work .…”

“…It can be easily observed from the magnetization curve that the saturation magnetization value of ZCF HYSHMs showed the highest saturation magnetization of 30.27 emu/g, while those of ZF and CF ferrite HYSHMs were approximately 15.83 and 9.31 emu/g, respectively. The higher saturation magnetization for multinary spinels could be generally ascribed to the stronger magnetic superexchange interactions between octahedral (O-sites) and tetrahedral (Tsites) sites, the spin orientation over the surface−interface, 35 and the α-Fe 2 O 3 phase absence, which would ultimately lower their saturation magnetizations. 21 The high magnetic property indicated that ZCF HYSHMs can be considered as efficient recyclable catalysts that could be conveniently regathered via an external applied magnetic field after catalytic reactions.…”

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“…2. A similar type of behaviour was observed by Ashok Kumar in nickel Zinc ferrites [8]. The lattice parameter "a" for all nickel doped Zn samples were calculated using equation (2).…”