A study on fear memory retrieval and REM sleep in maternal separation and isolation stressed rats

Sampath, Dayalan; Sabitha, K.R.; Hegde, Preethi; Jayakrishnan, H.R.; Kutty, Bindu M.; Chattarji, Sumantra; Rangarajan, Govindan; Laxmi, T. Rao

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.034

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…31 Some studies also reported changes in NREM sleep. 29,31,32 In the present study, although the cross-fostering model deviates from the maternal separation, the results were analogous: REM sleep onsets during spontaneous sleep were increased in both male and female CF treated rats in light and dark periods. Moreover, the total amount of time spent in REM and NREM sleep during the light period was elevated in CF males and females, which was reflected as a decrease in waking.…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

“…[29][30][31][32][33][34] The core of the reported, slightly variable, separation protocols is a daily separation of the pups from their mothers for 180 min during a period of several days at the age of 2-14 (16) days. This procedure inflicts considerable stress, as evidenced by hyper responsivity of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis and increased corticosterone levels in adulthood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep and Behavior in Cross-Fostering Rats: Developmental and Sex Aspects

Santangeli

Lehtikuja

Palomäki

et al. 2016

Sleep

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Study Objective: Adverse early-life events induce behavioral psychopathologies and sleep changes in adulthood. In order to understand the molecular level mechanisms by which the maltreatment modifies sleep, valid animal models are needed. Changing pups between mothers at early age (cross-fostering) may satisfyingly model adverse events in human childhood. Methods: Cross-fostering (CF) was used to model mild early-life stress in male and female Wistar rats. Behavior and BDNF gene expression in the basal forebrain (BF), cortex, and hypothalamus were assessed during adolescence and adulthood. Spontaneous sleep, sleep homeostasis, and BF extracellular adenosine levels were assessed in adulthood. Results: CF rats demonstrated increased number of REM sleep onsets in light and dark periods of the day. Total REM and NREM sleep duration was also increased during the light period. While sleep homeostasis was not severely affected, basal level of adenosine in the BF of both male and female CF rats was lower than in controls. CF did not lead to considerable changes in behavior. Conclusions: Even when the consequences of adverse early-life events are not observed in tests for anxiety and depression, they leave a molecular mark in the brain, which can act as a vulnerability factor for psychopathologies in later life. Sleep is a sensitive indicator for even mild early-life stress.

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supporting

confidence: 64%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep and Behavior in Cross-Fostering Rats: Developmental and Sex Aspects

Santangeli

Lehtikuja

Palomäki

et al. 2016

Sleep

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“…However, contribution of sensitization cannot be entirely ruled out in these conditions. Using different approaches, previous studies also demonstrate increased fear generalization after prepubertal stress (Morrissey et al, 2010; Sampath et al, 2014) or adult stress (Hoffman et al, 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Qualitatively different effect of repeated stress during adolescence on principal neuron morphology across lateral and basal nuclei of the rat amygdala

et al. 2015

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Repeated stress can elicit symptoms of depression and anxiety. The amygdala is a significant contributor to the expression of emotion and the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a major target for the effects of stress on emotion. The adolescent time period may be particularly susceptible to the effects of stress on emotion. While repeated stress has been demonstrated to modify the morphology of BLA neurons in adult rats, little is known about its effects on BLA neurons during adolescence. This study tests the effects of repeated stress during adolescence on BLA neuronal morphology, and whether these are similar to the effects of stress during adulthood. The BLA includes the basal (BA) and lateral (LAT) nuclei, which are differentially responsive to stress in adults. Therefore, effects of stress during adolescence were compared between the BA and LAT nuclei. Morphological features of reconstructed BLA neurons were examined using Golgi-Cox stained tissue from control or repeated restraint stress exposed rats. We found subtle dendritic growth coupled with loss of spines after repeated stress during adolescence. The magnitude and dendritic location of these differences varied between the BA and LAT nuclei in strong contrast to the stress-induced increases in spine number seen in adults. These results demonstrate that repeated stress during adolescence has markedly different effects on BLA neuronal morphology, and the extent of these changes are BLA nucleus-dependent. Moreover, altered neuroanatomy was associated with age-dependent effects of repeated stress on generalization of fear, and may point to the necessity for different approaches to target stress-induced changes in adolescents.

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“…Substituting Eqs. (18) and (29) in Eq. (12), the generating function of the noisy and pure signals are related by (c)…”

Section: Case 2: Both X(t) and Y (T) Have Measurement Noisementioning

confidence: 98%

“…A popular method used to estimate such causal relations is Granger causality [1][2][3]. Granger causality has been recently applied to a variety of fields including neuroscience [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], physics [21][22][23], and climate change [24][25][26][27]. In this method, we assume that the recorded multichannel can be modeled as a realization of a stationary vector autoregressive (AR) process of order p [AR(p)].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of measurement noise on Granger causality

Nalatore¹,

Sasikumar²,

Rangarajan

2014

Phys. Rev. E

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Most of the signals recorded in experiments are inevitably contaminated by measurement noise. Hence, it is important to understand the effect of such noise on estimating causal relations between such signals. A primary tool for estimating causality is Granger causality. Granger causality can be computed by modeling the signal using a bivariate autoregressive (AR) process. In this paper, we greatly extend the previous analysis of the effect of noise by considering a bivariate AR process of general order p. From this analysis, we analytically obtain the dependence of Granger causality on various noise-dependent system parameters. In particular, we show that measurement noise can lead to spurious Granger causality and can suppress true Granger causality. These results are verified numerically. Finally, we show how true causality can be recovered numerically using the Kalman expectation maximization algorithm.

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A study on fear memory retrieval and REM sleep in maternal separation and isolation stressed rats

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

Sleep and Behavior in Cross-Fostering Rats: Developmental and Sex Aspects

Sleep and Behavior in Cross-Fostering Rats: Developmental and Sex Aspects

Qualitatively different effect of repeated stress during adolescence on principal neuron morphology across lateral and basal nuclei of the rat amygdala

Effect of measurement noise on Granger causality

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