Abstract:This study has been done to differentiate clinical and biological parameter of co-infections from infections alone and to find out whether patients infected by both malaria and dengue were more severe than either infection alone. Material and Methods: All febrile adult patients (> 18 years of age) were investigated for malaria, dengue and other causes of fever. Patients of concurrent dengue and malaria (Group A) were compared with malaria mono-infection (Group B) and dengue mono-infection (Group C). Frequencie… Show more
“…Another finding that the current study can report is the high prevalence of co-infection and malaria mono-infection in rural areas which is also the same observation that was found in random houses. Our finding concurred with a study in India [26] whose found maximum cases from rural areas in co-infection and malaria monoinfection.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…Analysis on the symptoms of all patients has shown fever to be the commonest symptom (100%) in all the three groups. This result was similar to what has been found in Pakistan and in India [12,26].…”
Introduction: Malaria and dengue fever are the most prevalent vector-borne diseases in tropical areas and represent major public health problems. They are transmitted by mosquito namely Anopheles and Aedes aegypti, respectively. Hodeidah is a high density with these vectors. Also, co-infection of these diseases has (malaria and dengue) become undetected due to lack of suspicious clinical suspicion and overlapping symptoms.
Aim of the Study:The study aimed to detect the prevalence of co-infection with malaria and dengue fever, determine the clinical presentation within febrile patients in Hodeidah city and determine some potential risk factors associated with co-infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted (from January to December 2017) in febrile patients. All patients were designed into three groups: Group A (co-infected with malaria and dengue); Group B (malaria as mono-infection) and Group C (dengue as mono-infection). The diagnosis of malaria was by microscopic and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and the dengue virus was Al-Areeqi et al.; IJTDH, 40(3): 1-10, 2019; Article no.IJTDH.54064 2 detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnosis was performed in Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (CTMID), Authority of AL-Thawra Public Hospital-Hodeidah, in collaboration with the Tihama Foundation for Medical-Pharmaceutical Studies and Research (TFMPSR), Hodeidah, Yemen. Results: Out of 270 febrile patients, 82 cases (30.4%) patients were malaria -dengue coinfection, 100 cases (37.0%) of malaria, 21 cases (7.7%) of dengue and 67 cases (24.8%) were non-malaria and non-dengue. The most common symptoms were fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia and retro-orbital pain, where the clinical symptoms of co-infected patients were more like dengue than malaria. One death was reported in malaria -dengue coinfection, with a case fatality rate (CFR%) of 1.2% (1/82). Conclusion: Our results show a high prevalence of malaria -dengue coinfecion in Hodeidah, Yemen as the first time. These due to a high density of vectors in this region and endemic areas for malaria and dengue. Furthermore, surveillance strategies, preventive measures and healthcare worker's education are critical for curtailing this problem and lifesaving.
Original Research Article
“…Another finding that the current study can report is the high prevalence of co-infection and malaria mono-infection in rural areas which is also the same observation that was found in random houses. Our finding concurred with a study in India [26] whose found maximum cases from rural areas in co-infection and malaria monoinfection.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…Analysis on the symptoms of all patients has shown fever to be the commonest symptom (100%) in all the three groups. This result was similar to what has been found in Pakistan and in India [12,26].…”
Introduction: Malaria and dengue fever are the most prevalent vector-borne diseases in tropical areas and represent major public health problems. They are transmitted by mosquito namely Anopheles and Aedes aegypti, respectively. Hodeidah is a high density with these vectors. Also, co-infection of these diseases has (malaria and dengue) become undetected due to lack of suspicious clinical suspicion and overlapping symptoms.
Aim of the Study:The study aimed to detect the prevalence of co-infection with malaria and dengue fever, determine the clinical presentation within febrile patients in Hodeidah city and determine some potential risk factors associated with co-infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted (from January to December 2017) in febrile patients. All patients were designed into three groups: Group A (co-infected with malaria and dengue); Group B (malaria as mono-infection) and Group C (dengue as mono-infection). The diagnosis of malaria was by microscopic and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and the dengue virus was Al-Areeqi et al.; IJTDH, 40(3): 1-10, 2019; Article no.IJTDH.54064 2 detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnosis was performed in Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (CTMID), Authority of AL-Thawra Public Hospital-Hodeidah, in collaboration with the Tihama Foundation for Medical-Pharmaceutical Studies and Research (TFMPSR), Hodeidah, Yemen. Results: Out of 270 febrile patients, 82 cases (30.4%) patients were malaria -dengue coinfection, 100 cases (37.0%) of malaria, 21 cases (7.7%) of dengue and 67 cases (24.8%) were non-malaria and non-dengue. The most common symptoms were fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia and retro-orbital pain, where the clinical symptoms of co-infected patients were more like dengue than malaria. One death was reported in malaria -dengue coinfection, with a case fatality rate (CFR%) of 1.2% (1/82). Conclusion: Our results show a high prevalence of malaria -dengue coinfecion in Hodeidah, Yemen as the first time. These due to a high density of vectors in this region and endemic areas for malaria and dengue. Furthermore, surveillance strategies, preventive measures and healthcare worker's education are critical for curtailing this problem and lifesaving.
Original Research Article
“…Overall, 9 studies met the eligibility criteria [ 11 , 13 – 15 , 25 – 29 ]. Additional searches through Google scholar retrieved four additional studies [ 30 – 33 ], resulting in 13 studies included in the present study. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Sonkar et al, 2019, [ 32 ] India (2018) Cross-sectional observational study NA 994 patients with febrile illness P. falciparum (16), P. vivax (13), mixed infection (1) NA/279 NA/685 17/30 Jaundice (12), bleeding (5) NA 17/30 13. Verma et al, 2016, [ 33 ] India (2015) Prospective observational study Adult (> 18 yrs) Male (256), female (84) 340 patients with febrile illness NA 38/156 CNS involvement (2), bleeding (32), respiratory distress (4) *hypotension (28) 63/132 CNS involvement (12), bleeding (4), hypotension (4), respiratory distress (20), severe anaemia (20), death (3) 27/52 Bleeding (8), hypotension (3), respiratory distress (4), severe anaemia (12) 12/52 Bleeding (8), respiratory distress (4), *hypotension (3) 26/52 impaired consciousness (9), multiple convulsions (1), prostration (2), shock/hypotension (19), hypoglycaemia (0), jaundice (21), pulmonary oedema (1), bleeding (42), metabolic acidosis or acute respiratory distress (4), severe anaemia (14), and acute renal failure (3) Shock (7), respiratory distress (4), severe bleeding (58), renal failure (3), impaired consciousness (9), multiple convulsions (1), jaundice (39) * Severe cases defined by authors ** n / N : Out of N confirmed cases, there are a total of n severe cases; NA: not applicable a WHO malaria- Severity Criteria for Malaria from World Health Organization, 2014 b WHO dengue- Severity Criteria for Dengue from World Health Organization, 2009 …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The risk of bias in an individual study was assessed on the basis of the selection of the study groups, the comparability of the groups, and the ascertainment of exposure with a star system rating. Nine studies included in the meta-analysis were rated as “high quality” as they provided data for the primary and secondary outcomes of the present study [ 11 , 14 , 15 , 25 – 27 , 29 , 30 , 33 ]. The other four studies [ 13 , 28 , 31 , 32 ] were rated as “adequate quality” as they provided data for one outcome (Table 2 ).…”
Background
Co-infection with both Plasmodium and dengue virus (DENV) infectious species could have serious and fatal outcomes if left undiagnosed and without timely treatment. The present study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence estimate of severe malaria among patients with co-infection, the risk of severe diseases due to co-infection, and to describe the complications of severe malaria and severe dengue among patients with co-infection.
Methods
Relevant studies published between databases between 12 September 1970 and 22 May 2020 were identified and retrieved through a search of the ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and MEDLINE. The pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of severe malaria among patients with Plasmodium and DENV co-infection was estimated with a random-effects model to take into account the between-study heterogeneity of the included studies. The risks of severe malaria and severe diseases due to co-infection were estimated with the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI with a random-effects model.
Results
Of the 5653 articles screened, 13 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that the pooled prevalence estimate of severe malaria among patients with co-infection was 32% (95% CI: 18–47%, I2 = 92.3%). Patients with co-infection had a higher risk of severe diseases than those with DENV mono-infection (odds ratio [OR] = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.96–7.95, I2 = 72%). Patients with co-infection had a higher risk of severe dengue than those with DENV mono-infection (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.08–3.63, I2 = 69%). The most severe complications found in severe dengue were bleeding (39.6%), jaundice (19.8%), and shock/hypotension (17.9%), while the most severe complications found in severe malaria were severe bleeding/bleeding (47.9%), jaundice (32.2%), and impaired consciousness (7.43%).
Conclusions
The present study found that there was a high prevalence of severe malaria among patients with Plasmodium and DENV co-infection. Physicians in endemic areas where these two diseases overlap should recognize that patients with this co-infection can develop either severe malaria or severe dengue with bleeding complications, but a greater risk of developing severe dengue than severe malaria was noted in patients with this co-infection.
Trial registration
The protocol of this study was registered at PROSPERO: CRD42020196792.
The treatment and reuse of wastewater for irrigation can lead to occupational health risks for sewage treatment plant (STP) workers and farmers. Sanitation Safety Planning (SSP) is an approach which can be used to measure and mitigate these risks. This paper explores what impact a novel secondary treatment process, consisting of an integrated permeate channel (IPC) membrane combined with a constructed wetland plus, has on the occupational health risks compared with the existing activated sludge wastewater treatment process and reuse system in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. A mixed methodology was used, which included key informant interviews, structured observations, and E. coli analysis. This data was used to undertake semi-quantitative risk assessments following the SSP approach. The novel secondary treatment increased the number of health risks which the STP workers were exposed to, but the severity of the risks was lower. This was due to the differences in treatment processes and infrastructures. The number of health risks for the farmers decreased both in number and severity. For their children, the severity of the health impacts decreased. These changes were due to the increase in the microbiological quality of the irrigation water. This study highlights the potential of using a semi-quantitative risk assessment to assess the occupational health impacts of using novel treatment technologies.
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