A Study of Histocytological Findings of Lung Lesions in Image Guided Fnac and Biopsy in Tertiary Care Centre

Abstract

Aims and Objectives: To study the cytological and histological findings of lung masses and correlate findings with clinical and radiological findings. Material and methods: The study was an observational study, comprised of two years of prospective from December 2017 to September 2019 and five years of retrospective study between October 2012 to November 2017, conducted in Histopathology & Cytology laboratory, Department of Pathology, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College & Dr. B.R.A.M. Hospital, Raipur, (C.G.), a tertiary referral center. Result: Total 104 cases were studied . Out of 104 lung lesions 74 (71.2%) were males and 30 (28.8%) were females with M:F of 2.46:1. Majority of lung lesions were seen in the age group of 61-70 years i.e. 35 (33.66%) and 51-60 years i.e. 30 (28.85%) followed by 41-50 years 17 (16.35%). Mean age of the patients in our study was 56.4 years. Smoking was the most common predisposing factor for lung carcinoma observed in 58 (55.77%) cases followed by tobacco chewing. Clinically the most common complaint was cough in 65 (62.5%) cases, followed by weight loss. 10 cases were diagnosed as benign and 94 cases as malignant. Among benign lesions most common lung lesions were non-specific inflammatory lesions reported in 6 (5.77%) cases followed by granulomatous lesion in 3 (2.89%), hydatid cyst in 2 (1.93%) and aspergilloma in 1 (0.97%) case. Adenocarcinoma was the most common malignant lung lesion found in 52 (50%) cases followed by Squamous cell carcinoma 20 (24%), Small cell carcinoma 12 (13.04%) and Poorly differentiated carcinoma 6 (5.77%) cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of our study was 97.83%, 66.67%, 95.74%, 80.0% and 94.23% respectively. Conclusion: Guided FNAC and biopsy are safe, simple, less invasive, cost effective, well accepted and accurate diagnostic procedures with minimal complications and low morbidity rates.