A STUDY OF CHEMOTROPISM OF POLLEN TUBES <i>IN VITRO</i>

Tsao, T H

doi:10.1104/pp.24.3.494

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Genetic screens have proven harder than expected in our search for mutants in pollen tube guidance (21). Thus we used an in vitro bioassay and a biochemical͞proteomics approach to identify the lily stigma chemotropic compound (chemocyanin) that was predicted to exist many years ago (7)(8)(9)(10). Here we show that chemocyanin is a plantacyaninlike (basic blue) protein, which belongs to the ancient phytocyanin family of blue copper proteins (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Chemocyanin, a small basic protein from the lily stigma, induces pollen tube chemotropism

Kim

Mollet

Dong

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

207

184

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In plant reproduction, pollination is an essential process that delivers the sperm through specialized extracellular matrices (ECM) of the pistil to the ovule. Although specific mechanisms of guidance for pollen tubes through the pistil are not known, the female tissues play a critical role in this event. Many studies have documented the existence of diffusible chemotropic factors in the lily stigma that can induce pollen tube chemotropism in vitro, but no molecules have been isolated to date. In this study, we identified a chemotropic compound from the stigma by use of biochemical methods. We purified a lily stigma protein that is active in an in vitro chemotropism assay by using cation exchange, gel filtration, and HPLC. Tryptic digestion of the protein yielded peptides that identified the protein as a plantacyanin (basic blue protein), and this was confirmed by cloning the cDNA from the lily stigma. Plantacyanins are small cell wall proteins of unknown function. The measured molecular mass by electrospray ionization ion source MS is 9,898 Da, and the molecular mass of the mature protein (calculated from the cDNA) is 9,900.2 Da. Activity of the lily plantacyanin (named chemocyanin) is enhanced in the presence of stigma͞stylar cysteine-rich adhesin, previously identified as a pollen tube adhesin in the lily style.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Strong evidence points toward a universal unknown chemotropic substance in the ovule that attracts the pollen tube over a short range (2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Many species have chemotropic compounds in their stigmas as well (7,8). Early reports showed that lily stigmas secreted an unidentified small molecule that could direct pollen tube growth in vitro (9,10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemocyanin, a small basic protein from the lily stigma, induces pollen tube chemotropism

Kim

Mollet

Dong

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

207

184

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“…The question of whether glucose could be a chemotropic factor for pollen of some plant species other than pearl millet remains. The present study also raises the question of whether or not free and/or invertase-produced glucose could account for the chemotropic activity of the pistil and non-pistil parts of some other plants on sucrose-containing media and the failure to isolate any chemotropic factor from these tissues (Tsao 1949;Linck and Blaydes 1960;Rosen 1961;Miki-Hirosige 1964).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro chemotropism of pearl millet pollen tubes to stigma tissue: a response to glucose produced in the medium by tissue-bound invertase

Reger

Pressey

Chaubal

1992

Sexual Plant Reprod

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Water-homogenized stigma pellets of pearl millet and precipitates resulting from dialysis of their salt extracts were observed to: (1) chemotropically attract pearl millet pollen tubes on a sucrose-containing pollen germination and growth medium, (2) have acid invertase activity as assayed by the arsenomolybdate method, (3) hydrolyze sucrose in the pollen germination and growth medium to glucose as assayed by coupled glucose oxidation with Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, and (4) lose chemotropic and invertase activities upon heat treatment. The results indicate that the in vitro chemotropic attraction of pearl millet pollen tubes to waterhomogenized stigma pellets is a response to glucose produced by homogenate-pellet-bound invertase hydrolyzing the sucrose present in the pollen germination and growth medium. Yeast and tomato invertases used as controls verified this conclusion. Water extracts of whole stigmas contained water-soluble acid invertase. The results are discussed in relation to the identification of possible in vivo chemotropic factors of pearl millet and other plants by in vitro assays.

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“…There have been many studies on pollen tube tropism to different and known or unknown chemical factors (Tsao 1949;Miki 1954Miki , 1955MikiHiroshige 1964;Rosen 1961Rosen , 1962Welk et al 1965;Heslop-Harrison and Heslop-Harrison 1986). In Antirrhinum majus, the calcium ion is thought to be the most important natural chemotropic factor (Mascarenhas andMachlis 1962, 1964;Mascarenhas 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrotropism of pollen tubes of camellia and other plants

Nakamura

Fukushima

Iwayama

et al. 1991

Sexual Plant Reprod

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Pollen tubes of Camellia japonica grew toward the cathode upon exposure to an electric field. Reversal of the field direction during the course of tube growth also reversed the direction of tube growth. These observations demonstrate the existence of the electrotropism of pollen tubes. This electrotropic response was confirmed in several kinds of pollen. The direction that the growing tube turned was found to differ with different pollen species, but it did not vary in those of the genus Camellia. The curvature in response to the electrotropic stimulus was influenced by calcium ion concentration as well as by the strength of the applied fields. The optimum condition for each was studied. The degree of tube extension decreased generally in inverse proportion to current density.

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A STUDY OF CHEMOTROPISM OF POLLEN TUBES IN VITRO

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Chemocyanin, a small basic protein from the lily stigma, induces pollen tube chemotropism

Chemocyanin, a small basic protein from the lily stigma, induces pollen tube chemotropism

In vitro chemotropism of pearl millet pollen tubes to stigma tissue: a response to glucose produced in the medium by tissue-bound invertase

Electrotropism of pollen tubes of camellia and other plants

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