A study of acute otitis externa at Wellington Hospital, 2007–2011

Jayakar, Rahul; Sanders, James C.; Jones, Emily J.H.

doi:10.4066/amj.2014.2094

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A five-year retrospective study from New Zealand (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011), with recorded data of 347 patients with otitis externa from Wellington Hospital, showed that P. aeruginosa was the most common organism (46.5%), while S. aureus was the second most common (31.9%) [3]. Most studies published during the last 10-years from various countries reported that microbial otitis externa is frequently caused by P. aeruginosa and less frequently by other Gram-negative bacteria and S. aureus and fungi [3,5,9,20]. Two old Jordanian studies have reported the spectrum of organisms isolated from a general ear infection as follows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Otitis External Infections Among Jordanian Patients with Emphasis on Pathogenic Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

ALjaafreha¹,

Tawalbeh²,

Shehabi³

2019

TOMICROJ

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Introduction:Otitis external infection is an inflammation of the ear canal frequently caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus auerus. Objective:This study investigated the spectrum of bacterial and fungal agents that cause otitis external infection in Jordanian patients with an emphasis on important antimicrobial resistance genes and putative virulence factors of P. aeruginosa isolates using molecular PCR methods. Methods:A total of 128 ear swab samples were obtained from outpatients with otitis external infection of Ear-Nose-Throat Clinic (ENT) from the Jordan University Hospital (JUH). All samples were cultured for bacteria and fungi and their growth was identified by macroscopic and microscopic examination as well as recommended biochemical tests. Results:Positive growth of bacteria and fungi were found in 105/128 (82%) of the examined cases. A total of 28 (22%) of the recovered organisms from ear samples were P. aeruginosa. A total of 11/28 (39%) of P. aeruginosa isolates were Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) which are resistant to three or more antibiotic classes. Both blaIMP-15 and VIM genes were not detected, while KPC genes were found in 57% among all isolates. The rates of the potential virulence genes found among 28 P. aeruginosa isolates were as follows: lasB, algD, toxA, exoU PilB and exoS at 100%, 100%, 82%, 72%, 54% and 25%, respectively. All isolates produced beta hemolysis on both human and sheep blood agar and showed either the pigment pyoverdin (57.1%) or pyocyanin (42.8%). Conclusion:Accurate identification of the causative agent of otitis external infection and its susceptibility to antibiotics especially P.aeruginosa is highly important for successful treatment. No significant relationship has been found between MDR P. aeruginosa and the presence of virulence genes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Otitis External Infections Among Jordanian Patients with Emphasis on Pathogenic Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

ALjaafreha¹,

Tawalbeh²,

Shehabi³

2019

TOMICROJ

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“…In this study, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were the main agents of EO [ 5 , 27 ]. EAC mycoses had lower incidence (approx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, EO is due to bacterial infection, but less frequently it is caused by fungi or it is associated to local or systemic non-infectious processes [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Staphylococus aureus ( S. aureus ) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) are the main etiological agents of the disease, but other Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Klebsiella spp., can be involved [ 1 , 5 ]. The exposition of EAC to water, humidity, local traumatism, occlusion, or the occurrence of dermatitis can increase the susceptibility to infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activity of Algae Extracts on Bacteria Responsible of External Otitis

et al. 2015

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External otitis is a diffuse inflammation around the external auditory canal and auricle, which is often occurred by microbial infection. This disease is generally treated using antibiotics, but the frequent occurrence of antibiotic resistance requires the development of new antibiotic agents. In this context, unexplored bioactive natural candidates could be a chance for the production of targeted drugs provided with antimicrobial activity. In this paper, microbial pathogens were isolated from patients with external otitis using ear swabs for over one year, and the antimicrobial activity of the two methanol extracts from selected marine (Dunaliella salina) and freshwater (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) microalgae was tested on the isolated pathogens. Totally, 114 bacterial and 11 fungal strains were isolated, of which Staphylococcus spp. (28.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (24.8%) were the major pathogens. Only three Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains and 11 coagulase-negative Staphylococci showed resistance to methicillin. The two algal extracts showed interesting antimicrobial properties, which mostly inhibited the growth of isolated S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp. with MICs range of 1.4 × 109 to 2.2 × 1010 cells/mL. These results suggest that the two algae have potential as resources for the development of antimicrobial agents.

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“… 2 , 3 S. aureus is thought to be the second most common pathogen in acute bacterial otitis externa, with case series identifying S. aureus in up to 40% of cases. 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 Studies from Pakistan, Korea and New Zealand found rates of S. aureus AOE above 30%, 10 , 11 , 12 while the most recent study in the U.S. reported rates of 7.8%. 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in acute otitis externa

Duarte

Kozin

Bispo

et al. 2018

World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg.

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ObjectiveOtologic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has historically been rare, but given the rise in community-acquired MRSA carriage and infection at other body sites, prevalence rates may be changing. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA in recent otologic cultures from patients with acute otitis externa (AOE).Study designRetrospective review of an institutional microbiologic database.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on serial culture isolates taken from the ear at a quaternary care hospital from January 2014 to April 2016. The causative pathogen and antibiotic sensitivity was determined by culture isolation and end point mean inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing. Medical records were reviewed to document patient characteristics, chronicity of infection, symptomatology, and previous treatments.ResultsOver the study period, 173 patients were diagnosed with AOE and underwent otologic cultures of the ear. Fifty-three (30.6%) of cultures grew S.aureus (SA). Of SA infections, 15 (28.3%) were identified as MRSA. MRSA patients were typically older than patients with methicillin-sensitive SA (MSSA) (mean age 46.7 ± 17.9 vs 29 ± 19.4, P = 0.003) and had more medical comorbidities (4 vs 1.7, P = 0.001). Compared to patients with MSSA, patients with MRSA were significantly more likely to have had prior ototopical antibiotic exposure (37% vs 73%, P = 0.019).ConclusionContemporary ear culture isolates at quaternary care center show higher rates of MRSA compared to historical reports in the literature. Clinicians should consider ear cultures to identify MRSA AOE.Level of EvidenceIV.

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A study of acute otitis externa at Wellington Hospital, 2007–2011

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Otitis External Infections Among Jordanian Patients with Emphasis on Pathogenic Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

Otitis External Infections Among Jordanian Patients with Emphasis on Pathogenic Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activity of Algae Extracts on Bacteria Responsible of External Otitis

Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in acute otitis externa

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