A Statistical Analysis on the Effect of Antioxidants on the Thermal-Oxidative Stability of Commercial Mass- and Emulsion-Polymerized ABS

Fiório, Rudinei; D’hooge, Dagmar; Ragaert, Kim; Cardon, Ludwig

doi:10.3390/polym11010025

Cited by 23 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…All the absorbance results were normalized considering the maximum absorbance observed for the nitrile group (CN) at 2237 cm −1 . This absorption band was chosen since the CN group is expected to be stable after aging and recycling steps [3,[18][19][20]. Both the unexposed and exposed to UV radiation sides of the aged samples were analyzed.…”

Section: Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carbonyl (CO, ca. 1730 cm −1 ), the 1,4-butadiene (1,4BD, 966 cm −1 ), and the nitrile (CN, 2237 cm −1 ) absorption peaks were evaluated using the absorption ratios CO/CN and 1,4BD/CN as defined by the Equations (1) and (2), respectively [20].…”

Section: Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal-oxidative resistance of all the samples was evaluated by determining the oxidation onset temperature (OOT) and the oxidation peak temperature (OPT). OOT and OPT indicate a relative degree of oxidative stability of a certain material [20]. A simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA 449 F3 Jupiter, Netzsch, Selb, Germany) was used, and the method was based on the ASTM E2009 standard [23].…”

Section: Thermal-oxidative Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Different Stabilization Systems and Multiple Ultraviolet A (UVA) Aging/Recycling Steps on Physicochemical, Mechanical, Colorimetric, and Thermal-Oxidative Properties of ABS

et al. 2020

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Commercially mass-polymerized acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) polymers, pristine or modified by stabilization systems, have been injection molded and repeatedly exposed to ultravilolet A (UVA) radiation, mechanical recycling, and extra injection molding steps to study the impact of such treatments on the physicochemical, mechanical, colorimetric, and thermal-oxidative characteristics. The work focus on mimicking the effect of solar radiation behind a window glass as relevant during the lifetime of ABS polymers incorporated in electrical and electronic equipment, and interior automotive parts by using UVA technique. The accelerated aging promotes degradation and embrittlement of the surface exposed to radiation and causes physical aging, deteriorating mechanical properties, with an expressive reduction of impact strength (unnotched: up to 900%; notched: up to 250%) and strain at break (>1000%), as well as an increase in the yellowing index (e.g., 600%). UV-exposition promotes a slight increase in the tensile modulus (e.g., 10%). The addition of antioxidants (AOs) leads to a limited stabilization during the first UVA aging, although the proper AO formulation increases the thermal-oxidative resistance during all the cycles. Mechanical recycling promotes an increase in strain at break and unnotched impact strength alongside a slight decrease in tensile modulus, due to disruption of the brittle surface and elimination of the physical aging.

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Section: Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal-oxidative Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Different Stabilization Systems and Multiple Ultraviolet A (UVA) Aging/Recycling Steps on Physicochemical, Mechanical, Colorimetric, and Thermal-Oxidative Properties of ABS

et al. 2020

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“…The yellowing index (YI) was obtained by the International Commission on illumination (CIE) tristimulus values X, Y and Z according to the CIELAB color system [37]. The YI was determined according to Equation (4) [22]:…”

Section: Color Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some people chose traditional additives to improve heat resistance. For example, Fiorio's group found that the addition of primary antioxidants in ABS increases the thermal-oxidative stability, whereas the secondary antioxidants only increase the oxidation peak temperature [22]. Others have chosen new types of additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GM-Improved Antiaging Effect of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene in Different Thermal Environments

Wang

Chen²,

Lan³

et al. 2019

Polymers

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A stabilizer called 2-tert-butyl-6-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-4-methylphenyl acrylate (GM) was mixed in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with the same amount of 9-bis(octadecyloxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (DSPDP), octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (Irganox 1076) and tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate (Irganox 3114) to investigate the influence of additives on the antiaging effect of ABS in oven aging or repeated extrusion aging. It was found that the ABS doped with the GM stabilizer showed a better yellowing resistance and thermal stability than the ABS doped with other antioxidants. Owing to the fact that the stabilizer can act on the free radicals before it has been peroxidized, it could trap the free radicals as a consequence of directly blocking the oxidation process of the active species, thus solving the problem of oxidative degradation of the materials from the source. This work provides guidance for improving thermal stability of ABS, indicating a promising potential for industrial application.Polymers 2020, 12, 46 2 of 10 the thermal stability of the ABS resin by adding carbon black (CB) to the ABS [24]. Yan's group enhanced the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of the ABS via the addition of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in the ABS resin, because it can tightly wrap the rGO sheet on the surface of ABS microspheres [25]. In addition, Allen's group used other stabilizers to conduct a comprehensive study of K-resin by both thermal-aging degradation and photo-aging degradation [26]. However, the doping strategy also brings about changes in the color-phase morphology or other properties thereof. This dilemma makes it difficult to explore the improved thermal stability for the ABS resin [27].Here, we successfully obtained high thermal stability ABS through a doping strategy without affecting the properties of ABS itself.A systematic study was carried out to investigate effects of 2-tert-butyl-6-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-4-methylphenyl acrylate (GM), 9-bis(octadecyloxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane (DSPDP), octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (Irganox 1076) and tris(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate (Irganox 3114) antioxidants on the thermal aging of ABS in two different thermal environments, a 100 • C convection oven and a 240 • C extruder simulating the extreme environment. It was found that the ABS doped with the GM stabilizer showed better yellowing resistance and thermal stability than the ABS doped with other antioxidants. Owing to the fact that the stabilizer can act on the free radicals before it has been peroxidized, it could trap the free radicals as a consequence of directly blocking the oxidation process of the active species, thus solving the problem of oxidative degradation of the materials from the source. Hence, the GM antioxidant can greatly improve thermal stability of the ABS in the convection oven or the extruder. This wo...

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Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene (ABS) Polymers

Li,

Wang,

Mahmoodi

2024

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) polymers are composed of elastomer dispersed as a grafted particulate phase in a thermoplastic matrix of styrene and acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN). The presence of SAN grafted onto the elastomeric component, usually polybutadiene or a butadiene copolymer, compatabilizes the rubber with the SAN component. Property advantages provided by this graft terpolymer include excellent toughness, good dimensional stability, good processibility, and chemical resistance. The system is structurally complex. This allows considerable versatility in the tailoring of properties to meet specific product requirements. Consequently, research and development in ABS systems is active. Numerous grades of ABS are available, including new alloys and specialty grades for high heat, flaming‐retardant, or static dissipative product requirements. Good chemical resistance combined with the relatively low water absorptivity (<1%) results in high resistance to staining agents. Antioxidants substantially improve oxidative stability. Applications involving extended outdoor exposure require the use of stabilizing additives, pigments, and protective coatings. In manufacturing, grafting is achieved by the free‐radical copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile monomers. The commercial processes for manufacturing ABS are discussed. ABS can be processed by compression and injection molding, extrusion, calendering, and blow molding. Postprocessing operations include cold forming, painting, and adhesive bonding. ABS is one of the two major plastic materials used in 3D printing, an emerging additive manufacturing technology that is developing rapidly in the last couple of decades. As a ‘bridge’ polymer between commodity plastics and higher performance engineering thermoplastics, ABS has become the largest selling engineering thermoplastic.

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A Statistical Analysis on the Effect of Antioxidants on the Thermal-Oxidative Stability of Commercial Mass- and Emulsion-Polymerized ABS

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of Different Stabilization Systems and Multiple Ultraviolet A (UVA) Aging/Recycling Steps on Physicochemical, Mechanical, Colorimetric, and Thermal-Oxidative Properties of ABS

Influence of Different Stabilization Systems and Multiple Ultraviolet A (UVA) Aging/Recycling Steps on Physicochemical, Mechanical, Colorimetric, and Thermal-Oxidative Properties of ABS

GM-Improved Antiaging Effect of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene in Different Thermal Environments

Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene (ABS) Polymers

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