A State-of-the-Art Review on Biowaste Derived Chitosan Biomaterials for Biosorption of Organic Dyes: Parameter Studies, Kinetics, Isotherms and Thermodynamics

Abstract

Chitosan is a second-most abundant biopolymer on earth after cellulose. Its unique properties have recently received particular attention from researchers to be used as a potential biosorbent for the removal of organic dyes. However, pure chitosan has some limitations that exhibit lower biosorption capacity, surface area and thermal stability than chitosan composites. The reinforcement materials used for the synthesis of chitosan composites were carbon-based materials, metal oxides and other biopolymers. This paper reviews the effects of several factors such as pH, biosorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature when utilizing chitosan-based materials as biosorbent for removing of organic dyes from contaminated water. The behaviour of the biosorption process for various chitosan composites was compared and analysed through the kinetic models, isotherm models and thermodynamic parameters. The findings revealed that pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Langmuir isotherm models were best suited for describing most of the biosorption processes or organic dyes. This indicated that monolayer chemisorption of organic dyes occurred on the surface of chitosan composites. Most of the biosorption processes were endothermic, feasible and spontaneous at the low temperature range between 288 K and 320 K. Therefore, chitosan composites were proven to be a promising biosorbent for the removal of organic dyes.

Biosorption Capability of Chitosan for Removal of Cs-137 and/or Co-60 from Radioactive Waste Solution Simulates

“…A similar trend can be described for the biosorption of radiocesium, and the data obtained are presented in Figure 12b. Comparable behaviors for the biosorption of different materials applying CS and its composites have been reported in the literature [49,50]. The model states that the straight line should meet the origin when intraparticle diffusion is the ratedescribing phase in the biosorption route for radioactive components.…”

Chitosan-treated cotton yarns: Impact of application method on antimicrobial activity

“…The assessable amino groups after functionalized with chitosan, depending on the method used for its application, and their coeffi cients of variation are shown in Figure 2. During the acid dyeing process, a reaction occurs between the acid dye's negatively charged groups and the chitosan's positive amino groups [23]. Chitosan-functionalized samples having higher K/S values indicate more amino groups that can react with the dye.…”