A single rat genomic DNA fragment encodes both the oxytocin and vasopressin genes separated by 11 kilobases and oriented in opposite transcriptional directions

Transitory Coexistence of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in the Hypothalamo Neurohypophysial System of Parturient Rats

“…concluded that OT and VP are expressed in distinct populations of neurons, based on the finding that osmotically stimulated animals showed no coexistence of the two mRNA sequences. The same group described that the genetic codes for both nonapeptides are located on the same gene, 11 kilobases apart and oriented in opposite transcriptional direction (Mohr, Schmitz and Richter 1988). Although the molecular mechanisms involved in the coexistence of OT and VP observed in the present study are not yet clear, we assume that neurons are capable of expressing both peptides perhaps by successive gene activation, which might occur under certain functional conditions.…”

Transitory Coexistence of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in the Hypothalamo Neurohypophysial System of Parturient Rats

“…concluded that OT and VP are expressed in distinct populations of neurons, based on the finding that osmotically stimulated animals showed no coexistence of the two mRNA sequences. The same group described that the genetic codes for both nonapeptides are located on the same gene, 11 kilobases apart and oriented in opposite transcriptional direction (Mohr, Schmitz and Richter 1988). Although the molecular mechanisms involved in the coexistence of OT and VP observed in the present study are not yet clear, we assume that neurons are capable of expressing both peptides perhaps by successive gene activation, which might occur under certain functional conditions.…”

Design of Experiments (DoE)‐Optimized Polymeric Oxytocin Nanoparticles for Enhanced Nose‐to‐Brain Delivery

“…IN OT administration has been explored in clinical trials for various neuropsychiatric disorders for which we currently lack effective treatments, including ASD, schizophrenia, and Prader‐Willi syndrome, all of which are characterized by impaired social functioning. [ 33 , 34 ] However, many trials have yielded inconsistent results, [ 35 , 36 , 37 ] while the overall volume of evidence suggests that IN OT has a positive effect. [ 38 ] This contrasts with the consistent beneficial effects observed in animal models, [ 39 , 40 ] where OT is often administered directly into the brain.…”

Vasopressin: Behavioral roles of an “original” neuropeptide

“…1). It is on the same chromosome as Oxt (chromosome 2 in mice and chromosome 20 in human), but oriented in the opposite transcriptional direction (Mohr et al, 1988;Hara et al, 1990), implying that these two genes were duplicated during evolutionary development. Avp peptide has a ring structure formed by a disulfide bridge and differs from Oxt at two amino acid residues (Hruby et al, 1990).…”

Transitory Coexistence of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in the Hypothalamo Neurohypophysial System of Parturient Rats

“…concluded that OT and VP are expressed in distinct populations of neurons, based on the finding that osmotically stimulated animals showed no coexistence of the two mRNA sequences. The same group described that the genetic codes for both nonapeptides are located on the same gene, 11 kilobases apart and oriented in opposite transcriptional direction (Mohr, Schmitz and Richter 1988). Although the molecular mechanisms involved in the coexistence of OT and VP observed in the present study are not yet clear, we assume that neurons are capable of expressing both peptides perhaps by successive gene activation, which might occur under certain functional conditions.…”

Design of Experiments (DoE)‐Optimized Polymeric Oxytocin Nanoparticles for Enhanced Nose‐to‐Brain Delivery

“…IN OT administration has been explored in clinical trials for various neuropsychiatric disorders for which we currently lack effective treatments, including ASD, schizophrenia, and Prader‐Willi syndrome, all of which are characterized by impaired social functioning. [ 33 , 34 ] However, many trials have yielded inconsistent results, [ 35 , 36 , 37 ] while the overall volume of evidence suggests that IN OT has a positive effect. [ 38 ] This contrasts with the consistent beneficial effects observed in animal models, [ 39 , 40 ] where OT is often administered directly into the brain.…”

Vasopressin: Behavioral roles of an “original” neuropeptide

“…1). It is on the same chromosome as Oxt (chromosome 2 in mice and chromosome 20 in human), but oriented in the opposite transcriptional direction (Mohr et al, 1988;Hara et al, 1990), implying that these two genes were duplicated during evolutionary development. Avp peptide has a ring structure formed by a disulfide bridge and differs from Oxt at two amino acid residues (Hruby et al, 1990).…”

Transitory Coexistence of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in the Hypothalamo Neurohypophysial System of Parturient Rats

“…concluded that OT and VP are expressed in distinct populations of neurons, based on the finding that osmotically stimulated animals showed no coexistence of the two mRNA sequences. The same group described that the genetic codes for both nonapeptides are located on the same gene, 11 kilobases apart and oriented in opposite transcriptional direction (Mohr, Schmitz and Richter 1988). Although the molecular mechanisms involved in the coexistence of OT and VP observed in the present study are not yet clear, we assume that neurons are capable of expressing both peptides perhaps by successive gene activation, which might occur under certain functional conditions.…”

Design of Experiments (DoE)‐Optimized Polymeric Oxytocin Nanoparticles for Enhanced Nose‐to‐Brain Delivery

“…IN OT administration has been explored in clinical trials for various neuropsychiatric disorders for which we currently lack effective treatments, including ASD, schizophrenia, and Prader‐Willi syndrome, all of which are characterized by impaired social functioning. [ 33 , 34 ] However, many trials have yielded inconsistent results, [ 35 , 36 , 37 ] while the overall volume of evidence suggests that IN OT has a positive effect. [ 38 ] This contrasts with the consistent beneficial effects observed in animal models, [ 39 , 40 ] where OT is often administered directly into the brain.…”

Vasopressin: Behavioral roles of an “original” neuropeptide

“…1). It is on the same chromosome as Oxt (chromosome 2 in mice and chromosome 20 in human), but oriented in the opposite transcriptional direction (Mohr et al, 1988;Hara et al, 1990), implying that these two genes were duplicated during evolutionary development. Avp peptide has a ring structure formed by a disulfide bridge and differs from Oxt at two amino acid residues (Hruby et al, 1990).…”