A single injection of pregabalin induces short- and long-term beneficial effects on fear memory and anxiety-like behavior in rats with experimental type-1 diabetes mellitus

Cannabidiol modulates contextual fear memory consolidation in animals with experimentally induced type-1 diabetes mellitus

“…This result shows a more pronounced conditioned fear memory response associated with a generalisation of this fear response corroborates previous evidence from our lab and others (Ribeiro et al, 2020;de Lima Silva et al, 2022;de Souza et al, 2018;Ikeda et al, 2015Ikeda et al, , 2021. Moreover, this fear memory seems to be quite resistant, as we previously demonstrated that these STZ animals presented this same pronounced freezing response even during and after an extinction training session (de Lima Silva et al, 2022;Waltrick et al, 2022;Ribeiro et al, 2020;de Souza et al, 2018;Gambeta et al, 2015). Important to highlight that our data demonstrated for the first time the persistence of these effects, which were maintained up to 7 days after the first tests (tests A1 and B1).…”

“…About preclinical studies, the evidence corroborates the clinical evidence, i.e. studies have shown in animals with experimentally induced T1DM an overconsolidation of the contextual fear memory and/or a difficulty in extinguishing it along with generalisation of this fear response when animals are submitted to a neutral context (de Lima Silva et al, 2022;Ikeda et al, 2021;Ribeiro et al, 2020). Also, a more pronounced anxiety-like behaviour has been noted in these induced T1DM animals (de Lima Silva et al, 2022;da Silva Dias et al, 2016;de Morais et al, 2014de Morais et al, , 2016Gambeta et al, 2015).…”

“…The ANOVA was performed between all STZ groups treated with vehicles and drugs, considering the treatments (different treatment groups) as a single independent factor. Importantly, except for experiment 3, we performed Student's t-test between the NGL and STZ groups treated with VEH, in order to assess whether the experimental induction of T1DM actually occurred (on weight gain and glycaemia parameters) and whether the behavioural findings would be reproduced according to previous data (Ribeiro et al, 2020;de Lima Silva et al, 2022). In relation to experiment 3, one-way ANOVA was performed including all groups, being considered as one factor the different groups.…”

“…The bottom of the box consisted of small metal bars attached to a circuit board and a shock generator to enable the delivery of controlled electrical footshocks as detailed subsequently. For the generalisation test, to offer contextual cues as different as possible from context A, we used a second chamber (context B) that consisted of four sidewalls made of plexiglass transparent acrylic (30 × 30 × 30 cm) (Ribeiro et al, 2020;de Lima Silva et al, 2022). Between each animal, the chamber was cleaned with a 20% alcohol solution.…”

“…studies have shown in animals with experimentally induced T1DM an overconsolidation of the contextual fear memory and/or a difficulty in extinguishing it along with generalisation of this fear response when animals are submitted to a neutral context (de Lima Silva et al, 2022;Ikeda et al, 2021;Ribeiro et al, 2020). Also, a more pronounced anxiety-like behaviour has been noted in these induced T1DM animals (de Lima Silva et al, 2022;da Silva Dias et al, 2016;de Morais et al, 2014de Morais et al, , 2016Gambeta et al, 2015). At this point, it is important to reinforce that changes in several brain areas have been implicated in this impaired regulation of emotions and fear-related memory, including the hippocampus.…”