A simulation impact evaluation of a cigarette excise tax increase on licit and illicit cigarette consumption and tax revenue in 36 European countries

Schafferer, Christian; Yeh, Chun-Yuan; Chen, S.-H.; Lee, J.-M.; Hsieh, Chia‐Jung

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2018.05.017

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…137,138 Similar success was obtained by reducing the consumption of tobacco by increasing the tax for tobacco and related products. 139,140 Multiple studies reported that intersectoral collaboration combined with community engagement among all health care stakeholders of LMICs improves healthcare indices and access to healthcare in these countries. [141][142][143] PHC Enhances Community Participation Community participation or engagement, another principal strength of PHC, has been reported as being highly influential on the prevention and control of NCDs.…”

Section: Strengths Of Primary Health Carementioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Strengthening Primary Health-Care Services to Help Prevent and Control Long-Term (Chronic) Non-Communicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries</p>

Haque¹,

Islam²,

Rahman³

et al. 2020

RMHP

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The prevalence of long-term (chronic) non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing globally due to an ageing global population, urbanization, changes in lifestyles, and inequitable access to healthcare. Although previously more common in high-and uppermiddle-income countries, lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) are more affected, with NCDs in LMICs currently accounting for 85-90% of premature deaths among 30-69 years old. NCDs have both high morbidity and mortality and high treatment costs, not only for the diseases themselves but also for their complications. Primary health care (PHC) services are a vital component in the prevention and control of long-term NCDs, particularly in LMICs, where the health infrastructure and hospital services may be under strain. Drawing from published studies, this review analyses how PHC services can be utilized and strengthened to help prevent and control long-term NCDs in LMICs. The review finds that a PHC service approach, which deals with health in a comprehensive way, including the promotion, prevention, and control of diseases, can be useful in both high and low resource settings. Further, a PHC based approach also provides opportunities for communities to better access appropriate healthcare, which ensures more significant equity, efficiency, effectiveness, safety, and timeliness, empowers service users, and helps healthcare providers to achieve better health outcomes at lower costs.

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Section: Strengths Of Primary Health Carementioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Strengthening Primary Health-Care Services to Help Prevent and Control Long-Term (Chronic) Non-Communicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries</p>

Haque¹,

Islam²,

Rahman³

et al. 2020

RMHP

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“…Second, there are unique justifications in excise levy, which are: (i) controlling the consumption of a certain type of goods (Schafferer et al, 2018;Shang et al, 2019;Bridge et al, 2020); (ii) internalizing negative externality (Alvarez, 2019;di Bella et al, 2019;Quiggin & Wang, 2019;Nwadialor & Agbo, 2020;(iii) increasing the efficiency of resources (Akhmetshin et al, 2019;Becker et al, 2019;Sugiyama & Koonsed, 2019); (iv) creating jobs (Friske & Cockrell, 2019, Kitchen et al, 2019Nguyen et al, 2020); and (v) increasing government income; among others (Ross et al, 2017;Alsukait et al, 2019;Luong & Vu, 2020). Those reasons make excise tax different with any other tax, since normally government income is used as the main justification in every tax levy.…”

Section: Controlling Tobacco Products Through Excisementioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco excise tax policy in Indonesia: who does reap the benefits?

Santoso¹,

Erlando²

2020

JESI

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In Indonesian tobacco, excise tax policy never decrease every year. As a result, the number of tobacco industries sharply declines, however the prevalence of tobacco smoking steadily increase since 1995. Therefore, this research aims to estimate the increase of tobacco excise tax and its impact on cigarette consumption, government revenue, and the possibility of cigarette sold illegally. There are two analytical model, Logit and Tobit. Logit model is used to estimate the impact of cigarette price towards the probability of household member to smoke or not, and Tobit model is used to estimate the impact of price change towards the amount of cigarette consumption. Tobit model is employed since it include non-smoker household, covering 40% of total household. The estimation is based on SUSENAS published on March 2017. The result suggests increasing cigarette prices does not lessen people desire to be smokers; indicating that most Indonesian consider cigarette as basic needs. Consequently, the increase of tobacco excise tax leads to the growth of government revenue and number of illegally sold cigarette. Therefore, it conclude that large-scale industries benefit the most, when this result is linked to the decrease of tobacco industries data. Meanwhile, Indonesian people may get the benefit, if the government revenue is appropriately allocated to stimulate economic and development.

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“…TI in particular often claims that taxes on tobacco products drive the illicit trade [ 5 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ], although there is a vast amount of evidence showing a limited relationship between higher tobacco prices and size of the illicit market [ 14 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ]. In fact, illicit trade can be minimized even in the presence of increased taxes if effective monitoring and enforcement is in place [ 67 , 68 , 69 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Shafferer et al [ 69 ] estimated that tax-induced price hikes of 10% would increase illicit cigarette use the most (by 11%) in Czech Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Slovakia out of the 36 European countries. At the same time, the consumption of licit cigarettes in these countries would be reduced by 18.4%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illicit Tobacco in Lithuania: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Liutkutė-Gumarov

Galkus

Petkevičienė

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Taxation policies are the most cost-effective measure to reduce overall tobacco consumption. However, cigarettes in Lithuania are among the cheapest in the European Union. The threat of the illicit trade is often used to compromise evidence-based policies, pricing policies particularly. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of illicit cigarette consumption in Lithuania and identify the main characteristics of illicit cigarette smokers. The national cross-sectional survey with direct observation of the latest purchased pack of cigarettes was conducted between August and September 2019. In total, 1050 smokers aged ≥18 were interviewed face-to-face. The illicit share of the total consumption of cigarettes per year was 10.7% with 9.7% of smokers showing or describing illicit cigarette packs compared to 17% reported by industry-funded studies. Older smokers, smokers with lower education and heavy smokers were more likely to regularly purchase illicit cigarettes. The average price of an illicit pack was almost two times lower than licit. Although the illicit trade of tobacco products is a serious policy challenge, the threat of an increase in illicit trade should not delay tobacco taxation improvements.

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A simulation impact evaluation of a cigarette excise tax increase on licit and illicit cigarette consumption and tax revenue in 36 European countries

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

<p>Strengthening Primary Health-Care Services to Help Prevent and Control Long-Term (Chronic) Non-Communicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries</p>

<p>Strengthening Primary Health-Care Services to Help Prevent and Control Long-Term (Chronic) Non-Communicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries</p>

Tobacco excise tax policy in Indonesia: who does reap the benefits?

Illicit Tobacco in Lithuania: A Cross-Sectional Survey

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