“…If left untreated, these patients will experience laboured breathing (dyspnea) (Matsuo and Colt, 2000;Tojo et al, 1996;Cortese and Edell, 1993;Bolliger et al, 1993), insufficient oxygenation of the blood (hypoxemia) (Edell et al, 1993) or even die from suffocation. Apart from cancer of the respiratory system, other causes of tracheobronchial obstructions can be tuberculosis (Nomori et al, 1998(Nomori et al, , 2000Colt et al, 1994), congenital defects (Rimell and Stool, 1995), loss of cartilaginous support (tracheomalacia) (Rossbach et al, 1998;Noppen et al, 1994), compression due to esophageal tumours (Belleguic et al, 1999;Nicholson, 1998;Schmassmann et al, 1997;Colt et al, 1992a) or overgrowth of granulation tissue at the anastomatic site in lung transplantation (Colt et al, 1992b;Gaer et al, 1992;Tsang et al, 1992).…”