A simplified biomolecule attachment strategy for biosensing using a porous Si oxide interferometer

Perel'man, L. A.; Schwartz, Michael P.; Wohlrab, Aaron; VanNieuwenhze, Michael S.; Sailor, Michael J.

doi:10.1002/pssa.200674360

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Surface biofunctionalization is crucial for biological applications, and different structural configurations of PSi have been described [9,14,21,22]. Here, we used a single layer of PSi obtained by electrochemical anodization of crystalline silicon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical stabilization of porous silicon for enhanced biofunctionalization with immunoglobulin

Naveas

Costa

Gallach

et al. 2012

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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Porous silicon (PSi) is widely used in biological experiments, owing to its biocompatibility and well-established fabrication methods that allow tailoring its surface. Nevertheless, there are some unresolved issues such as deciding whether the stabilization of PSi is necessary for its biological applications and evaluating the effects of PSi stabilization on the surface biofunctionalization with proteins. In this work we demonstrate that non-stabilized PSi is prone to detachment owing to the stress induced upon biomolecular adsorption. Biofunctionalized non-stabilized PSi loses the interference properties characteristic of a thin film, and groove-like structures resulting from a final layer collapse were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Likewise, direct PSi derivatization with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTS) does not stabilize PSi against immunoglobulin biofunctionalization. To overcome this problem, we developed a simple chemical process of stabilizing PSi (CoxPSi) for biological applications, which has several advantages over thermal stabilization (ToxPSi). The process consists of chemical oxidation in H 2 O 2 , surface derivatization with APTS and a curing step at 120• C. This process offers integral homogeneous PSi morphology, hydrophilic surface termination (contact angle θ = 26• ) and highly efficient derivatized and biofunctionalized PSi surfaces (six times more efficient than ToxPSi). All these features are highly desirable for biological applications, such as biosensing, where our results can be used for the design and optimization of the biomolecular immobilization cascade on PSi surfaces.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is usually stabilized and/or derivatized using various chemical reactions, yielding PSi surfaces with diverse properties. Previous works have proposed the derivatization of PSi through covalent binding and physical adsorption [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical stabilization of porous silicon for enhanced biofunctionalization with immunoglobulin

Naveas

Costa

Gallach

et al. 2012

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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“…Functionalizing the surface of porous Si is crucial for improving its low chemical stability and several methods have been explored for chemically modifying the freshly etched, hydrogen-terminated porous Si surface 4,14,15. Chemical modification also provides a route for conjugation of specific molecules on the surface for selective sensing 16,17. Hydrosilylation is one chemical modification method used to improve stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,14,15 Chemical modification also provides a route for conjugation of specific molecules on the surface for selective sensing. 16,17 Hydrosilylation is one chemical modification method used to improve stability. This method reacts an alkene or an alkyne with the freshly etched Si-H surface in order to generate a stable Si-C bond.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconjugate functionalization of thermally carbonized porous silicon using a radical coupling reaction

et al. 2010

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The high stability of Salonen’s thermally carbonized porous silicon (TCPSi) has attracted attention for environmental and biochemical sensing applications, where corrosion-induced zero point drift of porous silicon-based sensor elements has historically been a significant problem. Prepared by the high temperature reaction of porous silicon with acetylene gas, the stability of this silicon carbide-like material also poses a challenge—many sensor applications require a functionalized surface, and the low reactivity of TCPSi has limited the ability to chemically modify its surface. This work presents a simple reaction to modify the surface of TCPSi with an alkyl carboxylate. The method involves radical coupling of a dicarboxylic acid (sebacic acid) to the TCPSi surface using a benzoyl peroxide initiator. The grafted carboxylic acid species provides a route for bioconjugate chemical modification, demonstrated in this work by coupling propylamine to the surface carboxylic acid group through the intermediacy of pentafluorophenol and 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). The stability of the carbonized porous Si surface, both before and after chemical modification, is tested in phosphate buffered saline solution and found to be superior to either hydrosilylated (with undecylenic acid) or thermally oxidized porous Si surfaces.

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“…Scheme 3 presents an example of the method, involving the attachment of a payload containing an amine terminus to the porous Si surface. 39 Due to the stability of the Si-C bond, hydrosilylation is one of the most robust means of attaching a payload to porous Si. The payload is only released when the covalent bonds are broken or the supporting porous Si matrix is degraded.…”

Section: Covalent Attachment Of a Payload To Porous Simentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital microfluidics and delivery of molecular payloads with magnetic porous silicon chaperones

2008

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Digital microfluidics involves the manipulation of molecules and materials in discrete packages. This paper reviews our work using amphiphilic magnetic microparticles constructed from porous silicon. An individual porous particle can be used to carry a nanomole or smaller quantities of a reagent, and assemblies of the particles can encapsulate and transport microliter droplets of liquid containing inorganic, organic, or biological molecules. The tracking and identification of each particle can be accomplished with spectral labels that are encoded into the particles during their synthesis. When used to chaperone liquid droplets, the labels can identify the separate droplets prior to mixing and also the combined droplets after mixing. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles encapsulated in the porous matrix allow the manipulation of the particles or whole droplet assemblies with a magnetic field, and they also allow heating of the particle's payload by means of an externally applied RF field. Examples of organic, inorganic, and biomolecular addition reactions, catalytic reactions, and thermolysis reactions are described.

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A simplified biomolecule attachment strategy for biosensing using a porous Si oxide interferometer

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Chemical stabilization of porous silicon for enhanced biofunctionalization with immunoglobulin

Chemical stabilization of porous silicon for enhanced biofunctionalization with immunoglobulin

Bioconjugate functionalization of thermally carbonized porous silicon using a radical coupling reaction

Digital microfluidics and delivery of molecular payloads with magnetic porous silicon chaperones

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