A Simplified Analysis to Predict the Fire Hazard of Primary Lithium Battery

Ouyang, Dongxu; Cao, Shuchao; Wang, Zhi; Wang, Jian

doi:10.3390/app8112329

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In these spaces, different suppression techniques must be employed, among them: fixed gaseous extinguishing systems (further referred to as FES-gaseous) [11], powder extinguishing systems [12] or inertisation [13,14]. An emerging area where gaseous systems may find suitable use is in energy storage facilities, primarily based on Lithium batteries that pose significant fire hazard [15][16][17]. Also, the use of gaseous systems is promoted in some compartments, where the release of water-based medium may cause problems with visibility in smoke.…”

Section: Fire Protection In Industrial Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modelling of the Fire Extinguishing Gas Retention in Small Compartments

Boroń¹,

Węgrzyński²,

Kubica³

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Active fire protection systems are critical elements of good process safety. Among them, gaseous extinguishing systems provide quick, clean suppression and prolonged protection due to long retention process of the gas. Standard design methods do not provide sufficient tools for optimisation of the retention process, thus the necessity for development and validation of new tools and methods—such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. This paper presents a simplified approach to CFD modelling, by the omission of the discharge phase of the gas system. As the flow field after discharge is stable and driven mainly by the hydrostatic pressure difference, buoyancy and diffusion, this simplified approach appears as an efficient and cost-effective approach. This hypothesis was tested through performing CFD simulations, and their comparison against experimental measurements in a bench scale in a small compartment (0.72 m3), for six mixtures that differ in their density. Modelling the retention of the standard IG55 mixture was very close to the experiment. Modelling of mixtures with a density close to the density of ambient air has proven to be a challenge. However, the obtained results had sufficient accuracy (in most cases relative error <10%). This study shows the viability of the simplified approach in modelling the retention process, and indicates additional benefits of the numerical analyses in the determination of the fire safety of protected premises.

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Section: Fire Protection In Industrial Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modelling of the Fire Extinguishing Gas Retention in Small Compartments

Boroń¹,

Węgrzyński²,

Kubica³

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The results showed that a high heating rate leads to a more violent TR, while it does not affect maximum cell and outgassing temperature too much. Chen et al [10] applied the t 2 fire principle to numerically predict the fire hazard and total heat release. The ignition time difference parameter was also investigated for the application of battery fire analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Propagation Modelling of Abnormal Heat Generation in Various Battery Cell Locations

Yuen

Weng

et al. 2022

Batteries

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With the increasing demand for energy capacity and power density in battery systems, the thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries has become a major challenge for the upcoming decade. The heat transfer during the battery thermal runaway provides insight into thermal propagation. A better understanding of the heat exchange process improves a safer design and enhances battery thermal management performance. This work proposes a three-dimensional thermal model for the battery pack simulation by applying an in-house model to study the internal battery thermal propagation effect under the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation framework. The simulation results were validated with the experimental data. The detailed temperature distribution and heat transfer behaviour were simulated and analyzed. The thermal behaviour and cooling performance were compared by changing the abnormal heat generation locations inside the battery pack. The results indicated that various abnormal heat locations disperse heat to the surrounding coolant and other cells. According to the current battery pack setups, the maximum temperature of Row 2 cases can be increased by 2.93%, and the temperature difference was also increased. Overall, a new analytical approach has been demonstrated to investigate several stipulating battery thermal propagation scenarios for enhancing battery thermal performances.

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“…Like any other major disaster, fire threatens social development and public safety [1][2][3], so industrial fire protection has become an integral part of the production process. Fires involving flammable liquids are the most frequent technological emergencies [4,5], as liquid fuels may leak during their production, storage, and transportation [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pool Fire Suppression Using CO2 Hydrate

et al. 2022

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This paper presents experimental findings on heat and mass transfer, phase transitions, and chemical reactions during the interaction of CO2 hydrate in powder granules and tablets with burning liquid fuels and oil. The experiments involved CO2 hydrate tablets and spheres made of pressed granules. The fire containment and suppression times were established experimentally. Using the gas analysis data, we studied the effects of the mitigation of anthropogenic emissions from the combustion of liquids and their suppression by gas hydrates. We also compared the performance of water aerosol, foaming agent emulsion, snow, ice, and CO2 hydrate samples as laboratory-scale fire suppressants. The paper further describes the numerical modeling of the CO2 hydrate dissociation during liquid fuel combustion. The rapid carbon dioxide release is shown to prevent the oxidizer from the combustion zone. The suppression of a flame using powder with a granule size of 3 mm requires 20-times less carbon dioxide hydrate than in the case of pressed tablets. Effective conditions are identified for using CO2 hydrates to extinguish fires involving flammable liquids and most common fuels.

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A Simplified Analysis to Predict the Fire Hazard of Primary Lithium Battery

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Numerical Modelling of the Fire Extinguishing Gas Retention in Small Compartments

Numerical Modelling of the Fire Extinguishing Gas Retention in Small Compartments

Thermal Propagation Modelling of Abnormal Heat Generation in Various Battery Cell Locations

Pool Fire Suppression Using CO2 Hydrate

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